Eurasian Yearbook 2024
Eurasian Yearbook 2024
The second issue of the periodical “Eurasian Yearbook” of the Scientific Council of the Division of Historical and Philological Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences on complex problems of modern history and culture of Eurasia includes priority researches for Nowadays Council Agenda. Among them are the problems of integration and disintegration in the space of Greater Eurasia. This topic is represented in the publication devoted to the problems of the Eurasian dimension of Islam, the tripolar world as a system of international relations, the meridian civilizational corridors of Eurasia in retrospect and perspective, import substitution as a driver of development and cooperation of the CIS countries.
ОТКРЫТЬ ЕЖЕГОДНИК
СКАЧАТЬ ЕЖЕГОДНИК
Processes of integration and disintegration in the space of Greater Eurasia
Part I
The Eurasian dimension in Islam
Alikberov A.K.
Abstract
In its classical understanding, Eurasianism appears to be not only a civilizational and ideological construct, based on the synthesis of various cultures (N.S. Trubetskoy, G.V. Vernadsky, etc.), but also geographical (P.N. Savitsky). In the latter sense, it includes most of the so-called Heartland, the “core” of the Eurasian supercontinent, which Mackinder called the “geographical axis of history”. The modern geostrategic understanding of Eurasianism implies the Eurasian supercontinent itself, where all world and Abrahamic religions, including Islam, originated. This article will discuss the commonality of Islamic movements and schools precisely in this “geographical axis of history” – Central Eurasia, from where Islamic traditions penetrated into Northern Eurasia. Based on extensive empirical material on the history of Islam in the countries of the former Russian Empire, the author makes an attempt to substantiate the conclusion about the formation of a special Eurasian community of Islam in Central Eurasia, based on the centuries-old interaction of closely related Islamic theological schools – Maturidi and Ash‘ari. By Central Eurasia we mean here mainly Central Asia, the Caucasus and the Ural-Volga region. The Maturidi theological school, which received wide recognition in Hanafi Islam throughout the world, appeared in Samarkand, and the theologians of medieval Derbent, historically known as key center of Islamization in the Eastern Caucasus, directly participated in the formation of the Ash‘ari theological school, especially in terms of adapting Islam to the “borderlands” (al-sugur) of the Islamic world. The commonality of the Golden Horde spiritual heritage, the subsequent development of Islam within the boundaries of common political systems (Russian Empire, USSR), the creation in 1788 of a common center of spiritual administration – the Mohammedan Spiritual Assembly, and then the Muftiates, essentially the same transformation associated with the spread of the same Sufi teachings and the renovationist ideas of Jadidism, similar experience of interaction with the Russian Orthodox community, the unification of Soviet Islam, the emergence in the USSR of common centers of Islamic education in Bukhara and Samarkand – all this objectively led to the formation of common spiritual traditions of Islam in the post-Soviet space. This is not “Euro-Islam”, as researchers sometimes write about it (R.S. Khakimov and others), but rather Eurasian Islam.
Eurasianism, Islam, Central Eurasia, Northern Eurasia, Ash‘arism, Maturidism, Ismail Gasprinsky, Jadidism, Naqshbandiyya, Qadiriya, Shaziliya, Russian Muslimhood, Russian Islam, Euro-Islam, Eurasian Islam
Keywords
Tripolarity as a new system of international relations
Babaev K.V.
Abstract
The article analyses practical aspects of the formation of the multipolar world in contemporary international relations. It is claimed that in the present world only the US, Russia and China can act as global centers of power, and in the coming decades no other country will be able to claim this status. Subsequently, the world is becoming tripolar at least until 2050, and this situation has a number of parallels in the new and contemporary history. The paper presents a description of various most common models of the tripolar world and considers opportunities for all the three superpowers to use one of another model in their foreigh policy. A conclusion is made that in the near prospect the relations Russia vs. the US, and China vs. the US will continue to deteriorate, while the present-day mutual approach between Russia and China will go on.
international relations, multipolar world, Russo-US relations, China- US relations, tripolarity
Keywords
Vittenberg E.Ya.
Import substitution as a driver of development and cooperation of the CIS countries
Abstract
The article is devoted to the highly relevant topic of import substitution in the CIS countries. The article highlights a number of theoretical issues: the interpretation of the concept of “import substitution” in the narrow and broad sense of the word. And if in the first case import substitution is considered as the production of previously imported goods and services, in the second one it is interpreted by the author more broadly, as import substitution of technology, investment, human capital, personnel, etc. The analysis of the positive impact of import substitution on the socio-economic development of the Commonwealth (CIS) countries holds a significant place in the publication. It is noted that it reduces geopolitical, sanction and currency risks, contributes to the activation of economies by creating new branches of agro-industrial complex (AIC), military-industrial complex (MIC) and new high-tech start-ups, creates favourable conditions for the development of national businesses, opening new areas of activity for them, and ultimately contributes to the acquisition of sovereignty by the Commonwealth (CIS) countries in a number of economic spheres. The article analyses import substitution programmes of individual CIS countries, forms of cooperation in its implementation, as well as real achievements and serious problems (state of socio-political uncertainty, lack of investment, sanctions pressure, lack of innovative personnel, irrational use of resources, etc.) in the field of import substitution in each of the CIS countries and cooperation in solving this most important problem. The author considers successful import substitution not as a repetition of technologies and manufactured goods already existing in the world, but as a chance for the CIS to move from catching-up to advanced development in the modern world.
import substitution in the CIS, reasons for import substitution, role of import substitution, agents of import substitution, cooperation in import substitution, areas of import substitution, achievements in import substitution, difficulties of import substitution
Keywords
About
The authors give ainterpretation to the concept of a civilizational corridor, thereby enriching the arsenal of methodological tools of the civilizational approach. This approach itself is understood in the unity of its spatial (synchronic) and temporal (diachronic) dimensions, which allows us to reveal in a new way the features of the action of patterns of intra- and intercivilizational interactions. They emphasize not only transport, trade, economic, but also cultural functions of these interactions, as well as opportunities of intensification and optimization of relations between different peoples, countries, and civilizations. The authors reveal the important role of civilizational corridors in the integration of the Eurasian socio-cultural space. The authors of the study consider, in addition to latitudinal (along the East–West line), also meridional (along the North–South line) civilizational corridors that play an essential role in the formation and development of the Russian state and the whole of Eurasia. Four great meridional civilization corridors of crucial importance for Russia are highlighted and analyzed in detail: two water corridors (Dnieper and Volga) in the European part of Northern Eurasia; and two land corridors (Buryatia – Mongolia – Tibet and Altai– Himalayas) in its Asian part. The authors consider the Altai–Himalaya corridor to be the oldest and least studied, therefore they pay special attention to it. When analyzing civilizational corridors, they pay attention to their personification in the form of scientific and artistic civilizational reflection on the part of outstanding representatives of different peoples in the person of Afanasy Nikitin, G.Ts. Tsybikov, Ch.Ch. Valikhanov, N.K. Roerich, etc
Meridional civilization corridors of Eurasia: retrospectives and perspectives
Ivanov A.V., Popkov Yu.V
Abstract
Eurasia, civilizational corridors, meridional civilizational corridors, Russia, Siberia, Altai, Himalayas, culture, peoples of Eurasia
Keywords
About
About
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
June 15, 2024
Received
May 19, 2024
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
June 18, 2024
Received
May 29, 2024
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
May 26, 2024
Received
March 26, 2024
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
June 15, 2024
Received
May 22, 2024
About
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About the author: Alikber K. Alikberov, Doct. Of Sci. (History), Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 107031, Russia, Moscow, Rozhdestvenka st., bld.12; alikberov@mail.ru
Об авторе: Аликбер Калабекович Аликберов, доктор исторических наук, Институт востоковедения Российской академии наук, 107031, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Рождественка, д.12; alikberov@mail.ru
Alikberov A.K. The Eurasian dimension in Islam
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-14-37
pp. 14-37
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About the author: Kirill V. Babaev, Doct. Of Sci. (Philology), professor, Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 117997, Russia, Moscow, Naximovskij prospekt, bld.32; kbabaev@gmail.com
Об авторе: Кирилл В. Бабаев, доктор филологических наук, профессор, Институт Китая и современной Азии Российской академии наук; 117997, Россия, г. Москва, Нахимовский проспект, д.32; kbabaev@gmail.com
Babaev K.V. Tripolarity as a new system of international relations
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-38-51
pp. 38-51
About the author: Andrey V. Ivanov, Doct. Of Sci. (Philosophy), Professor, Director, Center for Humanities Education, Altai State Agrarian University; Barnaul, Russian Federation, bld. 98 Krasnoarmeysky аve.; ivanov_a_v_58@mail.ru
Yuri V. Popkov, Doct. Of Sci. (Philosophy), Professor; Chief Researcher, Department of Social and Legal Studies, Institute of Philosophy and Law, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 630090, Russian Federation, Novosibirsk, bld. 8, Nikolaev str.; yuripopkov54@mail.ru
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Об авторе: Иванов Андрей Владимирович, доктор философских наук, профессор, Алтайский государственный аграрный университет, 656049, Барнаул, Россия, пр. Красноармейский, 98; ivanov_a_v_58@mail.ru
Попков Юрий Владимирович, доктор философских наук, профессор, Институт философии и права Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук 630090, Россия, Новосибирск, ул. Николаева, д. 8; yuripopkov54@mail.ru
Ivanov A.V., Popkov Yu.V. Meridional civilization corridors of Eurasia: retrospectives and perspectives
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-52-74
pp. 52-7
About the author: Eugene Ya. Vittenberg, Doct. Of Sci. (History), professor, Russian state university for the humanities; 125093, Russia, Moscow, Miusskaya sq., bld. 6; intelban@mail.ru
References
  1. Aliyeva, N. (2021), “The potential of import substitution and expansion of exports of agro-industrial production in Azerbaijan”, Economics of agriculture, no. 3 (37), pp. 66-72.
  2. Gurova, I.P. (2016), “Import substitution in the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union”, Russia: trends and prospects of development. The yearbook, Issue 11, part 3, INION, RAS, Moscow, pp. 242-248.
  3. Denisova, O. K. and Rakhimberdinova, M. U. (2021), “The development of import substitution as a factor in ensuring food security in Kazakhstan”, Economics: strategy and practice, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 107-115.
  4. Ivanitskaya, V. V., Usoltseva, V.V. and Lichter, A.V. (2017), ‘Effectiveness of import substitution policy in the Russian Federation’, Management of social and economic systems, no.4, pp. 31-37.
  5. Lenchuk, E.B. (2022), “Import substitution in the Union State: directions of effective cooperation between Russia and Belarus”, Russia yesterday, today, tomorrow, no.4, pp. 7-19.
Об авторе: Евгений Я. Виттенберг, доктор исторических наук, профессор, Российский государственный гуманитарный университет; 125093, Россия, г. Москва, Миусская пл. д. 6; intelban@mail.ru
Vittenberg E.Ya. Import substitution as a driver of development and cooperation of the CIS countries
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-75-102
pp. 74-100
The article analyzes plots with requests from the Nogai Mirzas of the 16th century about sending to them from Moscow certain gold seals and signet rings. Drawing on Ugra, Kazakh and Caucasian material, the author concludes that these items were complained by Orthodox sovereigns to their nominal subjects who lived in the territories once united by the Golden Horde. An assumption is made that at an earlier stage, golden hanging seals (letters of letters behind a gold seal) and seal rings were an obligatory element of the Horde investiture in relation to the peoples subject to the khans. Starting from the second half of the 15th century. Moscow adopted these items, complained from senior to junior, to build legal relations with peoples who had recently entered the sphere of influence of the Russian state. This step became one of the prerequisites that made the Orthodox sovereigns the moral and political heirs of the ideas of Genghis Khan. The flexible and patient policy of the Moscow state contributed to the transfer of the charisma of the great conqueror from his descendants to the Russian grand dukes and tsars. In many ways, this was the key to Russia’s successful emergence as a Eurasian empire.
Sub-regions of Eurasia (from ancient times to the present day)
Part II
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
June 26, 2024
Received
June 10, 2024
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
July 15, 2024
Received
July 09, 2024
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
July 15, 2024
Received
June 13, 2024
Investiture in the post-Horde world: the example of Russian-Nogai relations
Belyakov A.V.
Abstract
Investiture, Russian state of the 15th-16th centuries, Nogai Horde, Ugra, Kazakh Khanate, Golden Horde, paiza, letter of grant with a golden seal
Keywords
The First Congress of the Peoples of the East in Baku and Enver Pasha's Participation
Vasiliev A.D.
Abstract
The article is devoted to one of the key events in the Eastern policy of the Comintern – the Congress of Peoples in Baku in September 1920. During the congress, leading figures of the international communist movement and invited persons spoke at its sessions. One of these invited persons was Enver Pasha, a member of the Young Turk triumvirate. His speech became possible due to the position of the Soviet government, which agreed on his arrival on the eve of the Congress. During the Congress, Enver Pasha received a platform to express his views, the opportunity to meet with representatives of the Muslim national liberation movement from all over the world. The information he collected was later used to develop his own political program, and also helped him better understand the nuances of the situation in Central Asia. Despite the warm welcome on the streets of Baku, he suffered a fiasco at the Congress itself. His report was cut short before he could speak, and he was labeled as an instigator of world war. The leadership of the Congress made it clear to him that they did not consider him a candidate for a return to power in Turkey, preparing for him the role of coordinator of a pan-Muslim anti-colonialist agenda.
Congress of the Peoples of the East in Baku, Enver Pasha, Islam in Eurasia
Keywords
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
July 15, 2024
Received
June 28, 2024
Volga and Urals: complex development of industrial regions of Eurasia in the retrospection of 20th century
Bugrov K.D.
Abstract
The paper provides an analysis of the processes of development of industrial complexes in Eurasian macroregions, united by geographic specifics (longitudinal extent north-south, determined by the features of the geographical landscape) – that is, the Volga region and the Urals. The economic development of these vast regions which took shape within several waves of industrialization overlapped with their historically formed frontier character. A variety of combinations of resources (fossil, transport, energy, labor) became the basis for a number of development projects, relatively less studied than the development projects of the Siberian macroregion, but, perhaps, no less significant for the history of Russia and Eurasia as a whole. However, the results of a century of accelerated industrial development are not limited to the economic shift: among its other results are the distribution of a significant part of the all-Russian intellectual and cultural potential to the Volga and Ural regions, the formation of a network of largest cities, and the formation of concepts of territorial identity that interacted in a unique way with the ethnocultural diversity of the region.
Volga, Urals, industrialization, frontier regions, industrial regions
Keywords
About
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
July 04, 2024
Received
June 11, 2024
Dubova, N.A., Zagrebin, A.E., Kalandarov, T.S.
Research on the Tajik people ethnography
Abstract
The article reviews the historiography of the Tajik ethnography research, both on the basis of literature and archival documents. The authors are convinced that, for the most part, the scientific study of Tajik ethnography belongs to Russian and Soviet scientists in 19 – 20 centuries. The accession of Central Asia to Russia led to a special interest in the East in the advanced circles of the Russian public. Tajiks took a special place among these peoples. The study of Tajik ethnography expanded significantly in the post-October period. The authors note the important role of the Society for the study of Tajikistan and Iranian peoples beyond its borders, as the first scientific community of the Soviet period. Established in 1925, the Society financed the first ethnographic expeditions of Soviet scientists to study the ethnography of Tajiks. Due to the declassification of archival materials, the authors managed to use documents from the State Archive of the Russian Federation (“GA RF”) and the Russian State Archive of Social and Political History (“RGASPI”). The role of researchers at the Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences is emphasized in the article, not only in the study of Tajik ethnography, but also in the training of academic staff for Tajikistan.
Tajiks, historiography, ethnographic study, Russian scientists, ethnographic school, cooperation
Keywords
About
The article examines the issues of formation and transformation of national autonomies within the RSFSR, and then within the USSR in the period before 1936 in the region, currently designated in political geography as Central Asia. The issues of the national policy of the Soviet state, the relationship of the Bolsheviks with representatives of the national elites of the former Steppe and Turkestan governor-generals, the Bukhara Emirate and the Khanate of Khiva and a number of adjacent territories, the formation of the principles of administrativeterritorial division, as inherited from the previous Russian Empire, the Russian Republic and existing in the international law of the time, and also ones developed during the disengagement itself are touched. A classification of the principles of demarcation is proposed, the transformation of their priority is traced depending on the time of application, the status of the subjects they were applied, and other internal and external factors. The processes of national souvereignization and Soviet federalism in the pre-war period are analyzed. The source base consists of the published materials and archival documents of diplomatic nature, materials of party discussions, personal documents and, especially, office documentation of bodies directly involved in national-territorial demarcation, including those specially formed for this purpose. A significant part of documents from the Moscow archives - the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Russian State Archive of Economics - is being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. An attempt is being made to determine the role of central, republican and local party, Soviet and economic bodies in the process of demarcation. The economic aspects of demarcation are examined separately, including the activities of the Liquidation Commission, which was involved in the distribution of property - using a territorial approach while dividing territories, it combined territorial and extraterritorial approaches when demarcating production, agricultural, credit, financial and logistics business entities. The need of expansion of the chronological framework of the process of national-state delimitation in Middle Asia and Kazakhstan is substantiated, primarily depending on the final determination of the status of the subjects of national entities (autonomous region, autonomous republic, union republic) and the determination of the main perimeter of the borders, which have largely retained their outlines before the collapse of the USSR and the formation of new independent states. Various options for implementing demarcation projects are analyzed against the background and in connection with all-Union and republican processes, as well as inter-republican relations. The conclusion is made about the progressiveness of the process of national-state delimitation, which eliminated many social contradictions and reduced the conflict potential in the Central Asian region.
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
June 28, 2024
Received
June 11, 2024
National-state demarcation, liquidation measures, Middle Asia, Kazakhstan, USSR, Russia, Central Asia
Bykov A.Yu.
National-state demarcation in Middle Asia and Kazakhstan in the 1920-1930s: approaches and solutions
Abstract
Keywords
About
A sociological and ethnopsychological research was conducted in a number of universities in Moscow and Minsk in 2020 to study the image of Russia and Belarus from the point of view of students of the two countries. In the conditions of information and sanctions pressure on Russia and Belarus, it was important to study how Russian and Belarusian youth react to the existing conditions? What ethnic characteristics do young people attribute to each other? In what cases do young people feel a sense of pride and patriotism for their country? The attitude of young people to the authorities in their own and neighboring countries was also studied. The results of the study showed that despite the complex ethno-political situation in the world, the youth of Russia and Belarus demonstrate a positive attitude to their own country and the people of their country’s neighbor.
Perceptions of Russian and Belarusian youth on each other in the context of socio-political and cultural dimensions
Snezhkova I. A.
Abstract
image of Russia and Belarus, ethnic stereotypes of Russians and Belarusians. Sense of pride and patriotism, ethnic identity of Russians and Belarusians, attitude to the authorities of their own country and the neighboring country
Keywords
About
About
About
About the author: Andrey V. Belyakov, Doct. Of Sci. (History), Institute of Russian History of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 117292, Russia, Moscow, st. Dmitry Ulyanov, 19; belafeb@yandex.ru
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Об авторе: Андрей В. Беляков, доктор исторических наук, Институт российской истории РАН; 117292, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Дмитрия Ульянова, 19; belafeb@yandex.ru
Belyakov A.V. Investiture in the post-Horde world: the example of Russian-Nogai relations
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-104-118
pp. 102-116
About the author: Alexander D. Vasilyev, Doct. Of Sci. (History), Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 107031, Russia, Moscow, Rozhdestvenka, bld.12; Russian State University for the humanities; 125047, Russia, Moscow, Miusskaya sq., bld.6; advasilyev@mail.ru
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  1. Arutjunjan, A.B. and Sorkin, G.Z. (1957), “The First Congress of the Peoples of the East”, Sovetskoe vostokovedenie, no.5, Moscow, pp. 114-120.
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Об авторе: Александр Д. Васильев, доктор исторических наук, Институт востоковедения РАН; 107031, Россия, г. Москва, Рождественка, 12; Российский государственный гуманитарный университет; 125047, Россия, г. Москва, Миусская пл., д.6; advasilyev@mail.ru
Vasiliev A.D. The First Congress of the Peoples of the East in Baku and Enver Pasha's Participation
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-119-130
pp. 117-128
About the author: Irina A. Snezhkova, Cand. of Sci. (History), Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS, 119334, Russia, Moscowб Leninskiy prospect 32a; snezhkova@mail.ru
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Об авторе: Ирина А. Снежкова, кандидат исторических наук, Институт этнологии и антропологии РАН, 119334, Россия, Москва, Ленинский проспект, 32а; snezhkova@mail.ru
Snezhkova I. A. Perceptions of Russian and Belarusian youth on each other in the context of socio-political and cultural dimensions
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-131-142
pp. 129-140
About the author: Andrey Yu. Bykov, Dr. of Sciences (History), Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 107031, Russia, Moscow, Rozhdestvenka St., Bld. 12; baju72@mail.ru
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Об авторе: Андрей Ю. Быков, доктор исторических наук, Институт востоковедения Российской академии наук, 107031, Российская Федерация, г. Москва, ул. Рождественка, д. 12; baju72@mail.ru
Bykov A.Yu. National-state demarcation in Middle Asia and Kazakhstan in the 1920-1930s: approaches and solutions
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-143-200
pp. 141-197
About the author: Nadezhda A. Dubova, Doct. of Sci. (History), Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS; 119334, Russia, Moscow, Leninskiy prospect, 32 a; dubova_n@mail.ru
Aleksey E. Zagrebin, Doct. of Sci. (History), Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS; 119334, Russia, Moscow, Leninskiy prospect, 32 a; zagreb72@izh.com
Tokhir S. Kalandarov, Cand. of Sci. (History), Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology RAS; 119334, Russia, Moscow, Leninskiy prospect, 32 a; tohir_s70@mail.ru
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Об авторе: Надежда А. Дубова, доктор исторических наук, Институт этнологии и антропологии РАН, 119334, Россия, Москва, Ленинский проспект, 32а; dubova_n@mail.ru
Алексей Е. Загребин, доктор исторических наук, профессор РАН, Институт этнологии и антропологии РАН, 119334, Россия, Москва, Ленинский проспект, 32а; zagreb72@izh.com
Тохир С. Каландаров, кандидат исторических наук, Институт этнологии и антропологии РАН, 119334, Россия, Москва, Ленинский проспект, 32а; tohir_s70@mail.ru
Dubova, N.A., Zagrebin, A.E., Kalandarov, T.S. Research on the Tajik people ethnography
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-201-234
pp. 198-231
About the author: Konstantin D. Bugrov, Doct. Of Sci. (History), associate professorб Institute of history and archeology of Ural Branch of RAS; 620108, Russia, Ekaterinburg, ul. S. Kovalevskoi, 16; k.d.bugrov@gmail.com
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Об авторе: Константин Д. Бугров, доктор исторических наук, доцент, Институт истории и археологии Уральского отделения РАН; 620108, Россия, г. Екатеринбург, ул. С. Ковалевской, 16; k.d.bugrov@gmail.com
Bugrov K.D. Volga and Urals: complex development of industrial regions of Eurasia in the retrospection of 20th century
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-235-279
pp. 232-276
This article analyzes the struggle for colonies in the North Pacific in the 18th century in the context of interaction between Russia, Great Britain and Spain until the formation of the Russian-American Company (RAC). The activities of European countries in studying and developing the region are covered. The factors that contributed to the development of the North-West of America are identified. The author reveals the complexity and multifaceted nature of this process, which involved various levels of government, up to the personal participation of monarchs. The article emphasizes that the expansion of the influence of the Spanish Empire in the New World became possible thanks to Madrid’s concerns regarding the strengthening of Russia’s positions there. In turn, Great Britain actively carried out intelligence activities, which led to armed conflict at the end of the 18th century. The author of the article, relying on new materials from Russia and other countries, seeks to show how well-founded Madrid’s fears about Russian and British aspirations to oust the Spaniards in the colonies seemed justified. Russia’s movement towards the American Northwest motivated by commercial interests, seemingly submerged political motives, that were also meaningful at that time. The author underlines the role of the Russian Orthodox Church in this process. The author concludes that the strategies of Spain and Great Britain were mainly aimed at impeding Russia’s advance in the Pacific Ocean. The author is implementing an interdisciplinary approach featuring a wide range of archival sources taken from a good scope of archives.
Keywords
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
June 26, 2024
Received
June 09, 2024
On the issue of confrontation between the Russian Empire and Western powers in the Pacific North in the 18th century.
Petrov A.Yu.
Abstract
Colonies, North Pacific, Eurasia, Russia, Spain, Great Britain
About
The article presented to the reader describes the mechanism of interaction between Slavs and Turks in the Southern Urals in the XVIII – early XXI centuries. The annexation of the Middle Volga region and the Southern Urals was accompanied by the solution of two tasks – ensuring state security in the new border region and the formation of an attitude loyal to the regime among the local non-Slavic population. This was achieved through forced Christianization, social stratum construction, the formation of new administrative-territorial entities with a grid of settlements and an increase in the Russian ethnic component. As a result of these actions, in the XVIII – early XIX centuries, many new identities appeared – the Kryashens, Eastern Mari, Transkama Udmurts, Cossacks in several ethnic variations – Russians, Bashkirs, Mescheryaks, Teptyars, Nagaybaks, and in the middle of the XIX century, the so-called “linear Kirghizes ” who moved to settlement. The policy of socio-cultural unification and, in some cases, segregation of the population has led not to simplification, but to complication of the ethnic composition. The Slavic-Turkic model of contacts is considered based on the material of the population of the Southeastern Urals, where the representatives of the Slavs and Turks were Russians and Kazakhs. The third ethnic component was the Nagaybaks, who occupied an intermediate position in terms of social affiliation, language and culture. The second part of the article presents data on the results of the interactions of these three groups, obtained on the basis of modern field research. Over the entire period of living together, they have developed economic and cultural complexes adapted to local natural conditions. Contacts between farmers and pastoralists were constantly accompanied by borrowings. Transformation processes also in food systems, symbols of ethnic culture and historical memory are of interest. The modern picture of the ratings of identities for each of the three nations is shown.
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
July 08, 2024
Received
June 16, 2024
Slavs and Turks of the Southern Urals: experience of interaction in the conditions of the ethno political frontier of the XVIII – early XXI century
Atnagulov I.R.
Abstract
ethnic history, Slavs, Turks, Finnish-Ugrians, ethnic contacts, new identities, Southern Urals, frontier, economy, culture, self-awareness
Keywords
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Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
June 25, 2024
Received
May 27, 2024
Kuras L.V.
Unsolemn war” at Khalkhin Gol river in the pages of “Heroic Red Army” newspaper (to the 85th anniversary of the Victory at Khalkhin Gol river)
Abstract
The article focuses on the “Heroic Red Army” newspaper activity of the group of troops of the Red Army covering the events of 1939, which the future Marshal of the Victory Zhukov G.K. called the “Unsolemn war” at the Khalkhin Gol river. It was a real trench edition, breathing battle. Under the leadership of the chief editor Ortenberg D.I., forged future military reporters were forged: Stavsky V., Simonov K., Slavin L., Lapin B., Hatsrevin Z. and photo reporters Bernstein M. and Temin V. The newspaper was the first one to be awarded the military Order of the Red Star. Additionally, 26 newspaper employees, including the editor, reporters, photo reporters and printing house workers, earned the state awards.
Khalkhin Gol, Red Army, G.K. Zhukov, “Heroic Red Army” newspaper, D.I. Ortenberg, V.P. Stavsky, K.M. Simonov, Marshal Choibalsan.
Keywords
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Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
June 28, 2024
Received
June 04, 2024
Social structure of Mongolian society in retrospect of centuries
Badaraev D.D.
Abstract
The article is devoted to the consideration of the dynamics of the becoming of the social structure of Mongolian society. Historical eras are presented during which Mongolian society differentiated depending on one or another political and economic situation. A retrospective approach allows for a historical overview of the different types of social structure of Mongolian society with its main elements represented by social groups, layers and classes. The political transformations of the last century demonstrate dramatic changes in the social structure of Mongolia, which is justified by the change of three eras - imperial, socialist and post-socialist. Each era made its own adjustments to the formation and development of elements of the social structure of Mongolian society, for the description and recognition of which methodological approaches also changed. At the present stage, Mongolian society is on the path of ongoing modernization, which combines the unique traditional culture of a nomadic society and innovative sociocultural and technological trends characteristic of countries.
social structure, Mongolian society, retrospective approach, transformation, modernization
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Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
June 25, 2024
Received
May 27, 2024
Northern Mongolia in the Conditions of the Manchurian fracture of the 17th Century
Bazarov B.V., Gombozapov A.D.
Abstract
The article traces the historical fate of the Mongolian world in the process of geopolitical upheaval in the Inner Asia of the 17th century. Northern Mongolia or Khalkha found itself in difficult historical circumstances during this period. The establishment of the Manchu state in China and the inclusion of Southern Mongolia into its composition, the promotion of Russian Cossacks and military personnel to the East, the formation of the Dzungarian Khanate and its close ties with Tibet became decisive factors in determining the political subjectivity of the North Mongolian khanates. Foreign policy challenges have overlapped with the internal political cycles of centralization and decentralization characteristic of a nomadic society. Internal contradictions became the reason for the direct intervention of external forces in the last decades of the XVII century – the Qing Empire and the Dzungarian Khanate. It was the former, by virtue of its unique nature, using the rich arsenal of Chinese and nomadic diplomacy proper, as well as the forces of the annexed South Mongolian khanates, which managed to go beyond the traditional dichotomy of sedentary and nomadic, made the collapse of the Mongolian community inevitable. Northern Mongolia was the scene of not only military and political confrontation. The role and position of the spiritual leaders of Tibet were an important component of the geopolitical fracture of the Mongolian space. Under the circumstances, the Khalkhas khanates made their own historical choice in favor of joining the Qing Empire. The outlying ethnic groups were forced to look for their own ways out of the existing historical dead ends. The authors conclude that in a difficult political conflict, new paths were outlined, which were destined to become the main perspective that determined the fate of the peoples of the Mongolian world.
Mongolia, Manchus, Khalkha, Qing Empire, geopolitics
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Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
June 25, 2024
Received
May 27, 2024
Development of the higher education system of the PRC in 1978-1988 (on the materials of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Aktamov I.G.
Abstract
The research is devoted to the development of the higher education system of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) at the initial stage of implementing the policy of reform and opening-up. One of the most important objectives of the designated policy was to equalize the standard of living in different regions of the country. Particular attention was paid to national autonomies. Inner Mongolia was important in terms of the implementation of national policies, social reform and industrial development in northern China. For accelerated industrialization, it was necessary to improve the system of training professional personnel. The focus of the study is an analysis of the main trends in the development of the higher education system of the PRC during this period based on the material of Inner Mongolia. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the state educational policy of the PRC in Inner Mongolia made it possible to create conditions for providing personnel for two main directions of development of the national economy – agriculture and industry. Gradually, attention began to be paid to training personnel for the spheres of culture and art. Analyzed the main regulatory documents and programs in the field of education. The creation and development of higher educational institutions in the IMAR allowed to increase the level of socio-economic indicators.
China, education system, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, reform and openness policy
Keywords
About
About the author: Irek R. Atnagulov, Doct. Of Sci. (History), Institute of History and Archaeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 620990, Russia, Yekaterinburg, Sophia Kovalevskaya Street, bld. 16; i.atnagulov@mail.ru
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Об авторе: Ирек Р. Атнагулов, доктор исторических наук, Институт истории и археологии Уральского отделения РАН; 620990, Россия, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Софьи Ковалевской, 16; i.atnagulov@mail.ru
Atnagulov I.R. Slavs and Turks of the Southern Urals: experience of interaction in the conditions of the ethno political frontier of the XVIII – early XXI century
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About the author: Leonid V. Kuras, Doctor of Sciences (History), Professor, Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS; 670047, Russia, Ulan-Ude, St. Sakh’yanovoi, bld.6; kuraslv@yandex.ru
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Об авторе: Леонид В. Курас, доктор исторических наук, профессор, Институт монголоведения, буддологии и тибетологии СО РАН; 670047, Россия, г. Улан-Удэ, ул. Сахьяновой, 6; kuraslv@yandex.ru
Kuras L.V. Unsolemn war” at Khalkhin Gol river in the pages of “Heroic Red Army” newspaper (to the 85th anniversary of the Victory at Khalkhin Gol river)
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-299-319
pp. 296-316
About the author: Damdin D. Badaraev, Doct. Of Sci. (Sociology), Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 670047, Russia, Ulan-Ude, St. Sakh’yanovoi, bld.6; damdin80@mail.ru
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Об авторе: Дамдин Д. Бадараев, доктор социологических наук, Институт монголоведения, буддологии и тибетологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; 670047, Россия, г. Улан-Удэ, ул. Сахьяновой, 6; damdin80@mail.ru
Badaraev D.D. Social structure of Mongolian society in retrospect of centuries
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-320-334
pp. 317-331
About the author: Bazarov, B.V., Gombozapov, A.D. (2024) “Northern Mongolia in the Conditions of the Manchurian fracture of the 17th Century”, Eurasian Yearbook, no.2, pp. 332-344. DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-335-347.
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Об авторе: Базаров Б.В., Гомбожапов А.Д. Северная Монголия в условиях маньчжурского излома XVII вв. // Евразийский ежегодник. 2024. № 2. С.332-344. DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-335-347.
Bazarov B.V., Gombozapov A.D. Northern Mongolia in the Conditions of the Manchurian fracture of the 17th Century
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-335-347
pp. 332-344
About the author: Innokentii G. Aktamov, Cand. of Sci. (Pedagogy), Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 670047, Russia, Ulan-Ude, St. Sakh’yanovoi, bld.6; aktamov13@gmail.com
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Об авторе: Иннокентий Г. Актамов, кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, Институт монголоведения, буддологии и тибетологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; 670047, Россия, г. Улан-Удэ, ул. Сахьяновой, 6; aktamov13@gmail.com
Aktamov I.G. Development of the higher education system of the PRC in 1978-1988 (on the materials of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-348-358
pp. 345-355
About the author: Aleksandr Yu. Petrov, Doct. Of Sci. (History), Chief Researcher, Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 119334, Moscow, Russia, 32a Leninsky prospect; alaska13@yandex.ru
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Об авторе: Александр Ю. Петров, доктор исторических наук, главный научный сотрудник Института всеобщей истории Российской академии наук; 119334, Россия, г. Москва, Ленинский проспект, 32 а; alaska13@yandex.ru
Petrov A.Yu. On the issue of confrontation between the Russian Empire and Western powers in the Pacific North in the 18th century.
10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-359-375
pp. 356-372
The article presents the results of a study of a selection of the Harbin magazine Rubezh (205 copies, 1928–1946) from the point of view of the self-image of the Far Eastern emigration - from the realization of themselves as stateless people to the finale of Russian emigration in China - reflected in its pages. The magazine was designed to be read by the widest possible audience, from housewives, clerks to intellectuals. Its selection shows a week-by-week, almost twenty-year cross-section of the formation of self-awareness and self-reflection of Far Eastern emigrants: their desire to preserve the foundations of ethnicity at all costs, first in opposition to the Bolshevik regime in the USSR, then in defiance of the Japanese dictatorship in Harbin itself and China as a whole. Even next to publications with an explicitly pro-Japanese orientation, Russian journalists placed material addressing the fundamentals of ethnicity: Orthodox holidays, the strength of the Russian spirit in foreign lands, and certain major figures of Russian culture and literature. Literary works published on the pages of “Rubezh” reflect the desire of the Russian emigration not only to reflect their attitude to the lost Russia, but also to educate the younger generation in love and respect for Russian history, culture, and literature.
Images of self-image of the Far Eastern emigration (based on the pages of the Harbin journal "Rubezh", 1926–1945)
The article is devoted to the Ussuri Cossack emigrant community in China. The purpose of the article was to study the adaptation process of the Ussuri Cossacks, using the example of the associations they created in Harbin in the 1920—1940s. The study traces the stages of formation of the Ussuri Cossack diaspora in China caused by the events of the Civil War of 1918—1922 and the socio-economic and political transformations carried out by the Soviet government in the 1920—1930s. The course of the emergence of the Ussuri Cossack associations in Harbin is considered, the most numerous of which were the Ussuri Cossack group and the Ussuri Cossack village, their composition is analyzed and their number is established. The nature of the social and military-political activities of these associations, including those within the general Cossack (Eastern Cossack Union, Union of Cossacks in the Far East) and general emigrant (Harbin Committee for Assistance to Russian Refugees) organizations, has been determined. The leading role in the creation and management of the activities of the communities and villages of Cossack officers is shown, their biographies are presented. It is concluded that, while in China, the Ussuri Cossacks, through selforganization and mutual assistance, managed to adapt to the specific living conditions in a country alien to them. Nevertheless, despite the existence of associations in the form of communities and villages, the Ussuri Cossacks lacked conditions for recreating the traditional way of life, such as compact living, joint work, and military readiness.
The paper presents an overview of modern scientific literature on the history and culture of the Russian diaspora in Harbin in the 1920s - 1940s, analyzes the most important results and prospects for the historiographic development of this topic. The authors note the fruitful application of the theory of the frontier by the researchers of Russian Harbin and the possibility of testing the frontier approach to the study of a number of other centers of Russian abroad in the 20th - early 21st centuries. A number of promising thematic areas for studying the problems of Russian Harbin are proposed, including the issues of repatriation of Harbin residents to Kazakhstan and other union republics of the USSR in the context of the common history of Russia and the post-Soviet states. The importance of research into history and the preservation of the historical memory of Russian Harbin in the 1920s - early 1950s is noted as a sphere of scientific and cultural dialogue between Russia and China.
Keywords
images of self-image, Far Eastern emigration, “Rubezh”, ethnic identification, universals of ethnic consciousness
Abstract
Keywords
Far Eastern emigration, China, Harbin, Ussuri Cossacks
The article is devoted to the history of elections to public administration in Harbin. The author summarizes information about all the composition of the executive bodies of the Harbin Public Administration. Particular attention is paid to two little-studied aspects - the participation in the elections of the foreign and Chinese population of the city, the dramatic history of elections in the revolutionary year of 1917. The high electoral qualification and absenteeism of voters led to the fact that during all elections it was difficult to elect the full composition of the Assembly of Commissioners, and 12 candidates they were often approved by the Manager of the KVJ from among persons who did not receive even half the votes of those who came to the election meeting. Not only Russian citizens, but also foreign ones, as well as the Chinese population of the city, could participate in the elections. However, the boycott of elections by the foreign and Chinese population of the city led to the fact that the Chinese first joined the City Council on June 8, 1909, after the conclusion on April 27, 1909 of the “Preliminary Agreement on the Organization and Introduction of Public Administrations in the CER Right of Way” and they did not participate in the elections of the Assembly of Commissioners until 1919. Representatives of a foreign colony entered the City Council from the beginning of 1915, after the conclusion of the Russian- British agreement of 1914. The first elections of the Assembly of Commissioners, in which foreigners were supposed to take part, were elections in 1917. They did not take place due to the outbreak of the February Revolution and in the fall of 1917 After lengthy discussions and agreements, the Assembly of Commissioners was replenished with representatives of public organizations, the Chinese and foreign population. The last groups of the urban population began to fully participate in elections in 1919.
Abstract
Keywords
Chinese-Eastern Railway, public administration, elections, elected authorities, Russian emigration in China, Manchuria, Harbin
Abstract
Keywords
Russian abroad, Russian emigration, Russian Harbin, repatriation, Russian historiography, frontier theory, memory studies, historiography of post- Soviet states, Russian-Chinese cooperation
Abstract
Zabiyako A.A., Liu Shi
Poznyak T.Z.
History of the elections of public administration of the city of Harbin and the representation of the Chinese and foreign population in it (1908-1926).
Sivakov T.V.
Creation and activity of associations of ussuri Cossacks in Harbin, as a way of adaptation in conditions of emigration (1920—1940s)
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
June 25, 2024
Received
May 06, 2024
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
June 02, 2024
Received
April 14, 2024
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
June 19, 2024
Received
April 14, 2024
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
July 02, 2024
Received
June 10, 2024
Pivovar E.I., Katagoshchina M.V.
Harbin - the capital of the Russian Far Eastern abroad in the 1920s - 1940s: some results and tasks of studying the problems.
Part III
Diasporas of the peoples of the region in Russia and in the world. On the 125th anniversary of Harbin
About
About
About
About
About the author: Efim I. Pivovar, Doct. Of Sci. (History), professor, Russian state university for the humanities; 125047, Russia, Moscow, Miusskaya sq., bld.6; rggu@rggu.ru
Marya V. Katagoshchina, Cand. Of Sci. (History), Russian state university for the humanities; 125047, Russia, Moscow, Miusskaya sq., bld.6; marya.katagoshina@ yandex.ru
Об авторе: Ефим И. Пивовар, академик РАН, доктор исторических наук, профессор, Российский государственный гуманитарный университет; 125047, Россия, г. Москва, Миусская пл., д.6; rggu@rggu.ru
Мария В. Катагощина, кандидат исторических наук, Российский государственный гуманитарный университет; 125047, Россия, г. Москва, Миусская пл., д.6; marya.katagoshina@yandex.ru
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Pivovar E.I., Katagoshchina M.V. Harbin - the capital of the Russian Far Eastern abroad in the 1920s - 1940s: some results and tasks of studying the problems.
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-377-400
pp. 374-397
About the author: Timofey V. Sivakov, State Archive of the Khabarovsk Territory; 680000, Russia, Khabarovsk, Nagishkina str., 4a; tim-sivok@mail.ru
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Об авторе: Тимофей В. Сиваков, Государственный архив Хабаровского края; 680000, Россия, Хабаровск, ул. Нагишкина, 4а; tim-sivok@mail.ru
Sivakov T.V. Creation and activity of associations of ussuri Cossacks in Harbin, as a way of adaptation in conditions of emigration (1920—1940s)
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-401-415
pp. 398-412
About the author: Tatiana Z. Poznyak, Cand. of Sci. (History), Senior Researcher, Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnology, Far- Eastern Branch of the RAS; 690001, Russia, Vladivostok, Pushkinskaya st., bld.89; tzpoznyak@mail.ru
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Об авторе: Татьяна З. Позняк, кандидат исторических наук, старший научный сотрудник, Институт истории, археологии и этнографии народов Дальнего Востока ДВО РАН; 690001, Россия, Владивосток, ул. Пушкинская, д.89; tzpoznyak@mail.ru
Poznyak T.Z. History of the elections of public administration of the city of Harbin and the representation of the Chinese and foreign population in it (1908-1926).
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-416-448
pp. 413-445
Об авторе: Анна А. Забияко, доктор филологических наук, Амурский государственный университет, Благовещенск, Россия; 675027, Россия, г. Благовещенск, Ипатьевское шоссе, д. 21; a.a.sciencia@yandex.ru
Лю Ши, Амурский государственный университет, Благовещенск, Россия; 675027, Россия, г. Благовещенск, Ипатьевское шоссе, д. 21; 228349909@qq.com
About the author: Anna A. Zabiyako, Doct. Of Sci. (Philology), Amur State University, Blagoveshchensk, Russia; bld. 21, Ipatievskoe highway, Blagoveshchensk, Russia, 675027; a.a.sciencia@yandex.ru
Liu Shi, Amur State University, Blagoveshchensk, Russia; bld. 21, Ipatievskoe highway, Blagoveshchensk, Russia, 675027; 228349909@qq.com
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Zabiyako A.A., Liu Shi. Images of self-image of the Far Eastern emigration (based on the pages of the Harbin journal "Rubezh", 1926–1945)
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-449-462
pp. 446-459
The article discusses strategies and practices for the preservation of cultural tangible and intangible heritage in the Republic of Uzbekistan. It is shown that they developed dynamically, generally in line with global trends; they were correlated with UNESCO documents and fixed at the level of the national legal system, state cultural policy, academic and socio-political discourses. In the course of a broad humanitarian dialogue, a civilizational approach to the assessment of cultural heritage was formed. It was a factor in the country’s integration into the world cultural space. At the same time, the concepts of cultural heritage were considered as the basis of national sovereignty – the lists of internationally recognized cultural masterpieces acquired a significant character. By approving national priorities in the field of culture, Uzbekistan, like most Central Asian states, focused on multi-vector, multipolar cooperation. Considering cultural heritage as a resource and a factor of development, Uzbekistan has been building flexible relations in the Islamic, Turkic world. With the creation of the Commonwealth of Independent States and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, the process of cultural dialogue with its participation has reached a new level. Relations between Uzbekistan and the Eurasian countries developed dynamically within the framework of programs dedicated to the revival of the Great Silk Road of the XXI century. The formation of variable integration models has determined one of the main trends in the development of Central Asian countries in general and Uzbekistan in particular.
Russia and China are among the few countries where multi-ethnicity is enshrined in constitutional norms and preservation of the cultural heritage of the country’s peoples is part of state policy. The article considers the main normative acts concerning the issues of intangible ethnocultural heritage, as well as its assessment from the position of statements of public authorities in Russia and China, a comparative analysis is carried out. The article compares the main legislative acts of Russia and China, the main terms and definitions concerning the policy in the sphere of preservation of intangible ethnocultural heritage. A separate paragraph is devoted to the correlation of laws with the 2003 Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of the UNESCO, which has not been ratified in Russia. The analysis allowed us to conclude that the PRC law, despite the fact that the state has acceded to the UNESCO convention, is much more different from this convention than the law in Russia, which has not ratified the convention.
Keywords
Central Asia, Turkic-speaking countries, national cultural heritage, multi-vector policy, integration
Abstract
Keywords
intangible ethnocultural heritage, Russia, China, state national policy, laws
Abstract
Oktyabrskaya I.V., Samushkina E.V.
Uzbekistan: the concept of cultural heritage. Vectors of sovereignty and integration
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
June 29, 2024
Received
June 07, 2024
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
July 04, 2024
Received
June 18, 2024
Chernych A.V., Kamenskikh M.S., Klyaus V.L.
Russia and China in the policy of preservation of intangible cultural heritage: common and special
Part IV
Historical memory and problems of historical politics
About
About
Об авторе: Александр В. Черных, доктор исторических наук, член-корр. РАН, Институт гуманитарных исследований УрО РАН – филиала ФГБУН «Пермский федеральный исследовательский центр Уральского отделения РАН»; 614990, Россия, г. Пермь, ул. Ленина, д. 13а;
Михаил С. Каменских, кандидат исторических наук, Институт гуманитарных исследований УрО РАН – филиала ФГБУН «Пермский федеральный исследовательский центр Уральского отделения РАН»; 614990, Россия, г. Пермь, ул. Ленина, д. 13а; доцент, Пермский национальный исследовательский политехнический университет; 614099, Россия, г. Пермь, Комсомольский проспект, 29, Российская Федерация; mkamenskih27@gmail.com
Владимир Л. Кляус, доктор филологических наук, начальник отдела историко-филологических наук РАН — заместитель академика-секретаря ОИФН РАН по научно-организационной работе, заведующий отделом фольклора Института мировой литературы им. А.М. Горького РАН (Москва); 121069, Россия, г. Москва, Поварская ул., д.25а, стр.1; v.klyaus@mail.ru
About the author: Alexander V. Chernych, Doct. Of Sci. (History), corresponding member of RAS, Institute for Humanistic Studies of Perm federal research center of Ural brunch of Russian Academy of Science; 614990, Russia, Perm, Lenin Street, 13a; atschernych@yandex.ru
Mikhail S. Kamenskikh, Cand. Of Sci. (History), Institute for Humanitarian Studies of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Perm Branch of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences)$ 614013, Russia, Perm, Genkel str., 4; Perm state national research polytechnic university; 614099, Russia, Perm, Komsomolskiy prospect st., 29; mkamenskih27@gmail.com
Vladimir L. Klyaus, Doct. Of Sci. (Philology), Chair of the Department of Historical and Philological Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences — Deputy for the Academician Secretary of DHPS of RAS for scientific and organizational work, Head of the Folklore Division, A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 121069, Russia, Moscow, Povarskaya st., bld.25a/1; v.klyaus@mail.ru
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  8. Illyustrirovannyy al’manakh (2020), [Intangible cultural heritage of the peoples of the Russian Federation: Illustrated almanac], Moscow: Sam Polygraphist LLC.
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  13. Chernykh, A.V. and Kamenskikh, M.S. (2024), “[Nematerialnoe etnokulturnoe dostoyanie narodov Rossii v federalnom i regionalnom zakonodatelstve: istoriya i osnovnye tendencii”, Vestnik rossiyskoy nacii, no. 1(94), pp. 23-37.
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  15. Chernykh, A.V. (2023), Nematerialnoye kulturnoye naslediye Rossii: problemy sokhraneniya i prezentatsii] [Intangible cultural heritage of Russia: problems of preservation and presentation], in Kulturnoye naslediye: sovremennyye interpretatsii kul’turnogo naslediya narodov Rossii) [Cultural heritage: modern interpretations of the cultural heritage of the peoples of Russia], Moscow, IEA, pp. 11-30.
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Chernych A.V., Kamenskikh M.S., Klyaus V.L. Russia and China in the policy of preservation of intangible cultural heritage: common and special
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-464-481
pp. 461-478
Об авторе: Ирина В. Октябрьская, доктор исторических наук, профессор, Институт археологии и этнографии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; 630090, Россия, г. Новосибирск, проспект ак. Лаврентьева, д. 17; siem405@yandex.ru
Екатерина В. Самушкина, кандидат исторических наук, Институт археологии и этнографии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук; 630090, Россия, г. Новосибирск, проспект ак. Лаврентьева, д. 17; Khakassie@yahoo.com
About the author: Irina V. Oktyabrskaya, Doct. Of Sci. (History), Professor, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 630090, Russia, Novosibirsk, Prospekt Ak. Lavrentyeva, d. 17; siem405@yandex.ru
Ekaterina V. Samushkina, Cand. of Sci. (History), Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 630090, Russia, Novosibirsk, Prospekt Ak. Lavrentieva, Ph. 17; Khakassie@yahoo.com
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Oktyabrskaya I.V., Samushkina E.V. Uzbekistan: the concept of cultural heritage. Vectors of sovereignty and integration
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-482-507
pp.479-504
It has been established that the genre of naser in Tatar literature of the 1st third of the twentieth century exists as a certain type of work with origins in Eastern rhythmic prose correlated with nationally specific concepts of Tatar culture (adab, “mon,” “tugan il”) and representing its national identity. The authors highlight the emerging in the literature of the early twentieth century (in the works of F. Amirkhan, G. Rahim, Sh. Akhmadiev, A. Tangatarov, M. Hanafi, M.Maksud) constitutive features of the genre and its main typological varieties, determined, firstly, from the point of view of the rhythmic organization of prose speech, and secondly, on the basis of attraction to didactic genres or approximation with the traditions of philosophical prose. As an artistic whole, the inner measure of which is determined by the interaction of poetic and prosaic principles as types of artistic thinking, ontological categories and methods of organizing speech material, naser also functions in the literature of the 1920s. It is concluded that in the 1920-1930- s the orientation on rhythmic regularity of prosaic speech is strengthened. In the miniatures of this period poetry and prose appear simultaneously as architectonic and as compositional artistic forms. All three authors resort to combination of the poem and prose within one work as an important way of constructing the artistic whole.
The “Great Encyclopedia of Russian Studies of Eurasia” is a project being implemented in the A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It was inspired by the significant scientific value and diversity of Russian studies conducted outside of Russia over the last thirty years. The encyclopedia is a fundamental electronic catalogue that integrates valuable scientific information and presents it in a unified publicly accessible database, thus enabling its extensive analysis and qualified annotation. The most important and valuable part of this resource is the category of articles about scholars of Russian studies abroad. Work on them may lead the compilers to forgotten or previously unknown materials. Such is the final unfinished book of Leonid G. Frizman, a reputed Ukrainian scientist, on the poet Naum Korzhavin. In his encyclopedic entry it will serve as an example of his civic stance and loyalty to his research interests. Filled with diverse content, the encyclopedia exhibits the impressive scientific legacy of Russian studies in Eurasia that we strive to recover, document and preserve.
Keywords
genre; literary genus; extra-generic forms; poetic and prose trends; rhythm; prose stanza
The Buryat Uligers represent an original and distinctive phenomenon in the context of the rich ethnocultural tradition of the Mongolian peoples. The article determines that the heroic epic “Geser” is the main cultural phenomenon of the Baikal region, serving as one of the criteria for the vitality of folk spiritual culture. Geseriada manifested itself as a form of ethnic self-awareness and national consolidation, organically and comprehensively connected with the core of the national spirit and its creative manifestation in time and space. It is noted that outstanding Mongolian scholars were unanimous in their high historical assessment of the Buryat Geseriad, which indicates the significance of this epic monument in identifying the cultural heritage of the Buryat people in the context of Central Asian civilization. Particular attention is paid to the historiography of the study of “Geser” and historical policy in relation to the epic in Buryatia. The prospects for translation, publication and further research of versions of the Geseriad of the Cis-Baikal Buryats that have not previously been put into wide circulation are presented. “Geser” is considered as an original, completely independent and unique phenomenon that determines the spiritual image of the Buryat people.
Abstract
Keywords
Geser, epic, uliger, Mongolian peoples, Buryats, ethnocultural tradition
Abstract
Keywords
“Great Encyclopedia of Russian Studies of Eurasia”, literary Russian studies, cultural borderland, Leonid G. Frizman, Naum Korzhavin, memoirs
Abstract
Nikolaeva N.N., Nolev E.V.
The Buryat Geseriad in the historical and cultural heritage of Eurasia
Amineva V.R.
The genre of naser in tatar literature of the 1st third of the twentieth century: typology and artistic feature
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
July 04, 2024
Received
June 11, 2024
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
July 01, 2024
Received
June 13, 2024
Published
October 29, 2024
Approved after reviewing
June 28, 2024
Received
June 17, 2024
Andrushchenko E.A.
Materials for the ‘Great Encyclopedia of Russian Studies of Eurasia
Part V
Languages and literature of the countries of the Eurasian space
About
About
About
Об авторе: Елена А. Андрущенко, доктор филологических наук, профессор, Институт мировой литературы им. А.М. Горького РАН; 121069, Москва, Россия; Поварская ул., 25-а; a.andru@mail.ru
About the author: Elena A. Andrushchenko, Doct. Of Sci. (Philology), Professor, A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 121069, Moscow, Russia; Povarskaya 25 a; a.andru@mail.ru
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Andrushchenko E.A. Materials for the ‘Great Encyclopedia of Russian Studies of Eurasia
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-509-518
pp. 506-515
Об авторе: Венера Р. Аминева, доктор филологических наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник, Институт мировой литературы им. А.М. Горького Российской академии наук; 121069 Россия, г. Москва, ул. Поварская, д. 25а; профессор, Казанский (Приволжский) университет; 420008, Россия, г. Казань, ул. Кремлевская, д.18; amineva1000@list.ru
About the author: Venera R. Amineva, Doct. Of Sci. (Philology), Professor, Senior Researcher, A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences; 121069, Russia, Moscow, Povarskaya st., bld.25a; Proffessor, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University; 420008, Russia, Kazan, Kremlevskaya st., bld. 18; amineva1000@list.ru
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Amineva V.R. The genre of naser in tatar literature of the 1st third of the twentieth century: typology and artistic feature
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-519-555
pp. 516-551
Об авторе: Наталья Н. Николаева, кандидат филологических наук, Институт монголоведения, буддологии и тибетологии СО РАН; 670047, Россия, г. Улан-Удэ, ул. Сахьяновой, 6; natanika80@mail.ru
Евгений Владимирович Нолев, кандидат исторических наук, Институт монголоведения, буддологии и тибетологии СО РАН; 670047, Россия, г. Улан-Удэ, ул. Сахьяновой, 6; nolev@inbox.ru
About the author: Natalia N. Nikolaeva, Cand. Of Sc. (Philology), Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS; 670047, Russia, Ulan-Ude, St. Sakh’yanovoi, bld. 6; natanika80@mail.ru
Evgenii V. Nolev, Cand. Of Sc. (Philology), Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS; 670047, Russia, Ulan-Ude, St. Sakh’yanovoi, bld. 6; nolev@inbox.ru
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Nikolaeva N.N., Nolev E.V. The Buryat Geseriad in the historical and cultural heritage of Eurasia
DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2024-2-556-577
pp. 552-573
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