Eurasian Yearbook 2023

Eurasian Yearbook 2023

The first issue of the new periodical “Eurasian Yearbook” of the Scientific Council of the Division of Historical and Philological Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences on key problems of modern history and culture of Eurasia is publishing to eve of the 300th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences and includes priority researches for Nowday Council Agenda. Among them are the problems of integration and disintegration on the space of Greater Eurasia. These themes are represented in yearbook by papers devoted to the phenomenon of multipolarity in a historical retrospective, the ideology of Eurasianism: from its inception to modern world practices; the articles devoting to the topics: Greater Eurasia in the focus of China’s modern policy; Business interactions in the postsoviet space, the Digital Agenda and its new priorities and integration potential, the technologies of non-violent struggle in the “color revolutions” in Eurasia, etc

Processes of integration and disintegration in the space of Greater Eurasia

Part I

Kradin N.N.

Abstract

The article examines the origins of the Eurocentric vision of world history, according to which Europe, and then the West were the locomotive of world history. Such single-line scheme was formulated by western science, in Colonial Europe, slowly subordinated and put on the kneels many civilizations and cultures of the planet, after imposed on the rest of the world its outlook of historical process. In fact, for a long time Europe was the periphery of the world-system processes and only since the end of antiquity has it become one of the regional centers. During this period, the Great Silk Road begins to function, which for the first time opened Ancient Rome and China to each other. In the Middle Ages, commodity flows became even more saturated and branched out. This led to the “medieval globalization” of the 13th century created by the Mongols and the main element of this world-system was trade roots, which united all regional centers into a single network. Only after its collapse were the preconditions for the accelerated growth of the West, which gradually created its own narrative of history. Eurasian medieval world-system was organized in other way in comparison with changed her Modern world-system. Instead of hierarchical division on the dominating “center” and dependent periphery in it several regional “cores” coexisted which established a relationship with each other through conflicts and wars or through cooperation and trade.

world-systems analysis, Russia, Eurocentrism, multipolarity.

Keywords

Vittenberg E. Ya.

Abstract

The article analyses the background, achievements and issues pertaining to business relations in the post-Soviet space, the growing role of business in all areas of public life and, above all, in integration processes. Among the pre-conditions for cooperation, a historical factor is noted, namely, a comparatively long-term development of the Russian Empire and the USSR. The importance of the geographical factor is revealed, as well. The article then lists favorable economic conditions: the presence of virtually all minerals, as well as land, water and forest resources in the post-Soviet countries. The article also considers a number of subjective pre-conditions, such as the cultural closeness of many countries, the similarity of mentalities, the ability of many entrepreneurs of the post-Soviet countries to speak Russian as the language of business communication. The article specifically analyses the institutions that promote business cooperation, created at the level of the CIS, the EAEU, Russia and Belarus, as well as business associations. The article also considers the achievements, development of trade, implementation of mutual investments, creation of joint ventures, work in the field of high technologies, and such new forms of cooperation as the organization of parallel imports and import in the context of the increased sanction-related pressure on Russia from the West, which followed after Russia had launched a special military operations in Ukraine in February 2022. Among the issues hindering cooperation the article names changes in the geopolitical situation, excessive influence on business by the state policy, imperfections and differences in the laws governing the interaction of business structures, unstable guarantees of private property rights, non-fulfillment of contractual obligations, bureaucratic hurdles, corruption that has not been completely eliminated, etc.

pre-conditions for cooperation, achievements of cooperation, interstate trade, mutual investments, parallel imports, joint ventures, issues of cooperation, political pressure, imperfections in legislation, business climate, corruption.

Keywords

Pivovar E.I.

Abstract

The paper is devoted to the impact of the phenomenon of the global information society on the process of Eurasian integration. The digital turn, as an essential part of the scientific and technological transformations of our time, implies the emergence of new priorities in the integration processes in the Eurasian space, essentially developing the potential possibilities of the such integration. The author analyzes the factors that determine the role and the place of digital technologies and the formation of a common information space of post-Soviet countries in the integration policy of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO). The paper is mentioned the importance of a such key documents of integration cooperation in the digital agenda of the 21st century as «The Cooperation Strategy of the CIS member-states in the development of an information society until 2025» (2016), «The Concept of state cooperation – members of the Commonwealth of Independent States in the field of digital development of society» (2019), «The Main directions of implementation of the digital agenda of the Eurasian Economic Union till 2025» (2017). The author characterizes the role of the First Eurasian Congress of the Eurasian Development Bank (EDB) in deepening and expanding the digital agenda of Eurasian integration. Particular attention is paid to the potential of humanitarian, educational and cultural integration of Eurasia in the information society of the XXI century.

globalization, information society, digital economy, EAEU, CIS, Eurasian integration, intercultural communication.

Keywords

Naumov A.O.

Abstract

The paper examines the technologies of nonviolent struggle in the Color revolutions in Serbia, Georgia, Ukraine and Kyrgyzstan. The ideas of nonviolent resistance were developed in the XIX century; such figures as M. Gandhi and M.L. King made a great contribution to their development. In the second half of the XX century in the USA there were specialists–political scientists professionally engaged in this problem, the most famous of which is G. Sharpe. The main ideologist of the nonviolent struggle against ruling regimes and his supporters followed the path of universalization and instrumentalization of the doctrine of nonviolent struggle, bringing this doctrine to the level of universal technology, unencumbered by any moral and ethical component. During the Color revolutions the opposition almost literally followed the instructions set out in a number of methodological works, consciously and fundamentally adhering to a such strategy of seizing power. The most important components of the Color revolutions were such methods as a campaign of disobedience to the regime, the tactics of paralyzing the work of state agencies, provoking law enforcement agencies to use violence against „peaceful“ demonstrators, the use of „political spectacle“ technology, the formation of symbols of the protest movement, the consolidation of stereotypes of mass consciousness and a number of others. It should be noted that the coups carried out with the help of imported technologies from abroad and direct organizational and financial support from the collective West in the Eurasian space not only did not bring prosperity to the peoples of these countries, but also in some cases led to a tragedy on a national scale.

Mongolia, identity, ethnic community, tribal, tumen

Keywords

Kurylev K.P., Smolik N.G., Stanis D. V.

Abstract

The collapse of the USSR, the collapse of the system of socialism and the liberation of domestic social sciences from the dogmas of a bygone era led to the fact that Russian researchers made a U-turn and turned to the study of Western political science theories. As a result, a kind of phenomenon was formed, expressed in the fact that the conceptual ideas of Western authors began to dominate in the post-Soviet scientific discourse, and the domestic socio-philosophical and political scientific thought itself was pushed to the periphery. However, in recent decades there has been a gradual return of interest in the legacy of Russian pre-revolutionary thinkers, as well as representatives of Russian emigration. Among them, the most interesting are the so-called “original artists” who defend the cultural and civilizational identity of Russia. Their ideas took shape in the concepts of Slavophilism, Russian communism and Eurasianism.

Eurasianism, neo-Eurasianism, Eurasia, Europe, Russia, Kazakhstan, geopolitics, Eurasian Union, national interests, values.

Keywords

The article examines the general approaches of Chinese leadership to the Eurasian continent as a whole, the place and role of its sub-regions and countries in the implementation of China’s development strategy in the last decade. The author identifies the Asian, European and Russian vectors in Beijing’s policy on the continent, separately examines and compares PRC political and economic relations with the countries of North East, South East, South, and Central Asia, and the Middle East, as well as their perception in Beijing through the prism of ensuring regional and national security. Based on the analysis of the dynamics and results of trade, economic, financial and political relations of the PRC with these countries and regions, the author states that neither in the political philosophy nor in the pragmatic policy of Beijing, the Eurasian continent was not presented as a whole. PRC relations with the Eurasian countries and regions were diversified depending on various political, economic, historical and cultural factors and conditions, rigidly inscribed in the global strategic agenda, corresponded to announced principles of foreign policy and were subordinated to the interests of China internal development. The implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative did not entail either a radical strengthening of China’s political influence in Eurasia, or the importance of the continent in the structure of the Chinese economy.

Larin V. L.

Abstract

China, Greater Eurasia, foreign policy, economic relation, investments, security.

Keywords

Golovnev A.V.

Abstract

According to the prevailing opinion, Peter I in his reforms turned away from old Russian traditions for the sake of European innovations. In fact, he returned to ancient Russian roots, reviving the path from sea to sea (from the Varangians to the Greeks and Arabs) in a renewed imperial dimension. Petersburg was just under construction, when the influential French Journal de Trevoux wrote in 1706 that in Russia the muses and sciences “are moving northward, where Tsar Peter Alekseevich, who is now ruling, has made up his mind in intention to enlighten his state.” The cliché of St. Petersburg as a “window to Europe” was launched by the Italian educator Francesco Algarotti, though in fact he did not speak of a window to the west, but of a “new window on the north”; in Pushkin’s poetic version, this statement was reduced to the meaning of “to cut a window into Europe.” Meanwhile, Algarotti, in accordance with European ideas of the 18th century, had in mind precisely the north and cited an allegory of Russia as a polar bear resting its paws on the shore of the Arctic Ocean. The choice of the North as the backbone of the empire, the victory in the Northern War and the movement of “muses and sciences” to the Northern capital became the main guidelines for the activities of Peter the Great, forming the historiosophical concept of the “Northerness of Russia”.

Northerness of Russia, Peter the Great, marine science and art.

Keywords

Sub-regions of Eurasia (from ancient times to the present day)

Part II

Artizov A.N.

Abstract

The article examines the general approaches of Chinese leadership to the Eurasian continent as a whole, the place and role of its sub-regions and countries in the implementation of China’s development strategy in the last decade. The author identifies the Asian, European and Russian vectors in Beijing’s policy on the continent, separately examines and compares PRC political and economic relations with the countries of North East, South East, South, and Central Asia, and the Middle East, as well as their perception in Beijing through the prism of ensuring regional and national security. Based on the analysis of the dynamics and results of trade, economic, financial and political relations of the PRC with these countries and regions, the author states that neither in the political philosophy nor in the pragmatic policy of Beijing, the Eurasian continent was not presented as a whole. PRC relations with the Eurasian countries and regions were diversified depending on various political, economic, historical and cultural factors and conditions, rigidly inscribed in the global strategic agenda, corresponded to announced principles of foreign policy and were subordinated to the interests of China internal development. The implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative did not entail either a radical strengthening of China’s political influence in Eurasia, or the importance of the continent in the structure of the Chinese economy.

history of Russia, history of Ukraine, national policy, historical unity, Malorussia, Novorossiya, Donbass, Crimea, chrestomathy, archival documents.

Keywords

Mukhin M.Yu.

Abstract

The article discusses the main trends in the development of railways in Belarus in the post-Soviet period. Having studied the most important factors and milestones in the history of the Belarusian railway during the collapse of the Soviet Union, in 1991–2009 and 2010, it was possible to establish that, starting from 2010, the most important direction in the development of the railway industry in Belarus was not to increase the railway range and not traditional methods of intensifying transportation work (electrification, the introduction of a seamless track, the transition to reinforced concrete sleepers, etc.), and new methods to improve the efficiency of the railway. These include, first of all: the development of warehousing, the introduction of new information technologies, the emphasis on inclusion in transcontinental transit traffic. Particularly important in this light was the interaction of the railway networks of Russia and Belarus, which allowed the Belarusian Railways to take an important role in the international transport corridor “China – Western Europe”. Thus, using the basis inherited from the railway system of the Soviet Union, the Belarusian railway workers managed to significantly increase the transportation work through various intensification methods, combining new and traditional technologies.

Post-Soviet space, history of railways, history of Belarus, international transport corridors, information technologies in railway business, history of post-soviet countries.

Keywords

In this article analyzes the two-century history of the “Vostochnuiy Razryad” (Department of Oriental Studies) of Kazan University. Kazan was invariably considered by the authorities of the Russian Empire as the northern outpost of the Turkic-Muslim (and, more broadly, of the Oriental in general) world, which was to be included in a cultural and educational space and subjected to scientific study. Attempts to promote the Oriental studies were made at the First Kazan Gymnasium from 1769. The University Chart of 1804 provided for the presence the Department of Oriental Languages in the structure of the Kazan Emperor University. The creation of a specialized structure intended for the development of Oriental studies and the training of specialists with knowledge of oriental languages, as well as oriental culture, is associated with the activities of the trustee of the Kazan educational district M.N. Musin-Pushkin. Kazan in the 1830s–1840s became the center of unique research in the field of Mongolian and Chinese studies, laying down a number of basic methodological principles inherent in Russian university oriental studies. After the transfer of the “Vostochnuiy Razryad” to St. Petersburg University (1855), attempts to restore the teaching of the Turkic and Arabic languages in Kazan were made throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Only in 2000, the Institute of Oriental Studies was created in the Kazan university structure. In 2023, the historical name “Vostochnuiy Razryad” was assigned to the Higher School of Oriental Studies, which exists at the Institute of International Relations of Kazan (Volga region) Federal University.

Martynov D. E.

Abstract

Russia, Oriental studies, Kazan university, Higher education, Chinese studies, Mongolian studies.

Keywords

Using the case of the eastern frontier (the eastern regions from the Urals to the Far East), the article examines the relationship between the two main processes of the Russian history – colonization and modernization, which dominantly determined the dynamics and peculiarities of the country’s development during the imperial period. The authors argue that these processes were interrelated and generally had a positive effect on each other. Moreover, considering the extensive broadening of the resource and material base as generally organic for the modernization, especially on its early stages, the authors emphasize the key significance for the prospects of the Russian modernization (proto-industrialization) of expanding the ferrous and non-ferrous metals production base being the direct result of the eastward colonization drive. Among the features of the Russian modernization implemented under the conditions of continuing and incomplete opening up of the national territory, there are those which gave the recognizable national character to the development strategy, such as: the evidences of the pushing “development syndrome”; the increased social class and cultural heterogeneity of the frontier communities; the formation of a relatively tolerant and constructive mechanisms for interethnic and intercultural relations; the so-called “administrative frontier” passing ahead the economy for maintaining the general order and compensating the long distances, vast empty spaces, and the lack of human resources and convenient means of transport; the contradictory influence of colonization on the structures, proportions, and the growth logic of the Russian economy, as well as the form of its participation in the international division of labor.

frontier, colonization, geopolitics, resettlement, adaptation, modernization, development, center, periphery, Russia, eastern regions, Urals, Siberia, Far East, natural geographical environment, resources, territorial bases.

Mazur L.N.

Zubkov K. I., Poberezhnikov I.V.

Kotyukova T.V

Abstract

The article discusses the stages of development of the territories of the Middle Urals (within the boundaries of the Sverdlovsk region), reflecting the frontier type of initial colonization. The “prison” model of town formation supplemented the spontaneous peasant colonization of the region and became the basis for the next stage of industrial development of the territory, associated with the formation of a mining and factory system of settlement. The second half of the 19th-20th centuries became the time of a radical restructuring of the regional settlement system, the most important factor of which was urbanization. Its features were unevenness, discontinuity and accelerated nature, determined by political decisions. As a result, the evolution of the settlement system in the Middle Urals was accompanied by the rapid growth of cities, the early formation of agglomerations, and the accelerated restructuring of rural areas in accordance with the requirements of a post-industrial society. The source base of the study was the accounting data of the settlement network, systematized in the information and reference system “Cities and villages of the Middle Urals in the 20th century.” It made it possible to conduct a quantitative structural analysis of rural settlements, their dynamics and development trends. The study of the evolution of the rural settlement network of the region is based on the concept of modernization and is considered as an integral part of the urbanization transition, which covered not only urban settlements, but also the countryside.

Middle Urals, resettlement, colonization, urbanization, territory development.

Keywords

Abstract

Recent decades have led us to understand that the history of the Great Russian Revolution and the Civil War on the so -called national outskirts should be studied comprehensively, seriously analyzing all the arguments and arguments of the opposing parties, given the specifics of the class struggle, ethno-confessional contradictions, the interests of external forces and complex interpersonal relations of political actors. Stable is the notion that the autonomy proclaimed in Kokand in November 1917 was a response to the Left-Eser-Bolshevik government in Tashkent, which did not include representatives of the indigenous Muslim population. However, documents indicate that immediately after the abdication of Nicholas II, discussions began among local Muslim intellectuals about the future political structure of the region. The political modernization of the region, which began during the first Russian revolution of 1905–1907, developed very dynamically during the First World War. Therefore, in the era of the Great Russian Revolution, Turkestan entered with a certain understanding and perception of itself in the Russian imperial space. Speaking of Turkestan, it is often very difficult to draw a border where the class struggle developed into a confrontation on ethno-confessional grounds, where the interests of third countries were presented by the local collaborationist elite as the centuries-old aspirations of the oppressed peoples, and outright personal hostility and competition between local political figures was covered by slogans of class and/or national struggle and vice versa.

Turkestan, Central Asia, Turkestan Committee of the Provisional Government, All-Russian Constituent Assembly, Turkestan (Kokand) autonomy, Bolsheviks, Jadids, Cadimists, Muslims, Shuro-i-Islamia, Shuro-i-Ulema, Mustafa Chokaev, Serali Lapin.

Keywords

Abstract

Keywords

The article focuses on the problem of the influence of the Soviet military administration on the formation of the political culture of North Korea through the prism of the emerging electoral legislation. The changes (partial copying of Yugoslavia's electoral law) which were made just a few months before the planned elections – the first in the history of Korea – were caused only by concern for obtaining the desired results that could be presented to Moscow. At the same time, unlike the previous historiography, the article concludes that the monopolization of power by the Labor Party of the SK, which occurred as a result of these elections, was not the result of the initial plans of Stalin and the Soviet government, but of the initiative of the local Soviet administration, for which, on the one hand, the task of building a “bourgeois democracy” turned out to be unbearable, and on the other hand, the fear of receiving “unacceptable” election results from Moscow’s point of view dominated the Soviet generals in Korea.

Gombozhapov A.D.

Abstract

The article deals with the issues of the political reorganization of the Mongolian world during the rise of the Manchus. The author examines this process through the prism of the cyclical development of nomadic society. A characteristic phenomenon of the political order of medieval Mongolian society was the sovereignization of hereditary estates. The next stage of the centralization of Mongolian society under the leadership of Ligdan Khan took place in an acute competition with the Manchus for the resources of agricultural China. The rivalry opened up an alternative opportunity for the tribal aristocracy to maintain their positions, and the Manchus at the first stage did conclude equal alliances, strengthened by the pronouncing of oaths and marriage alliances with the rulers of the Mongol principalities. As the power of the Manchu state grew, the Mongol principalities took a subordinate position, although it was determined by a special status.

Mongol world, Mongols, Manchus, reconstruction, nomadic society, Qing Empire, political system.

Keywords

Badaraev D.D.

Bazarov B.V., Kuras L.V.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the formation of the social structure of Buryatia as a frontier region on the Russian-Mongolian transboundary. A historical overview of the transformation of the social structure of the population of Buryatia is presented. During the imperial, socialist and post-Soviet periods, as a result of a long process of nationbuilding, the Buryat society naturally became an integral part of the unified political, administrative and socio-cultural space of the Russia. The social structure of Buryatia has been transformed under the influence of political and economic transformations in the country, there is a precarization of the regional society and the spread of informal types of employment. According to the results of research, in the conditions of turbulent challenges, material, financial and power criteria remain dominant in the structure of the social status of citizens. The Republic of Buryatia is characterized as a subsidized region but with significant potential for development as not only a resource base, but also a transit zone at the inter-civilizational crossroads of the West and the East.

frontier, cross-border, social structure, Buryatia, transformation.

Keywords

Abstract

The article examines the main stages of formation of the Mongolian’s statehood in the 1st quarter of XX c. and the role of the Russian Empire, and then Soviet Russia in this process, which has been lasting for 10 years – 1911–1921s. To the series of the stages, which have left a significant mark in the history of Mongolia in XX c. and in Russian-Mongolian relationships, include the formation of the Mongolian state (1911), the signing of the Russian-Mongolian Agreement (1912), the Russian-Chinese Declaration (1913), the Treaty of Kyakhta (1915), and, eventually, the Mongolian revolution (1921). Along with that, the process, which had been thought of as local, involved not only Mongolia, Russia and China, but also Japan and the USA. So, not only diplomatic and trade-economic steps in the Mongolian statehood have been made, but so have military efforts, when the Mongolian revolution (1921) has become the factual sequel of the Civil war in Russia – «the Kolchakia revolution».

Mongolian’s statehood, the Xinhai Revolution (1911), the Russian-Mongolian agreement (1912), the Russian-Chinese declaration (1913), the Treaty of Kyakhta (1915), the Mongolian revolution (1921).

Keywords

Aktamov I.G.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the formation and development of the education system of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region since the formation of the first national autonomy in the history of the People’s Republic of China. Inner Mongolia has a fundamental importance from the point of view of the implementation of national policy, social reform and industrial development in the north of the PRC. The education system was the basis and condition for achieving the goals set by the country’s leadership during the formation of the new statehood. China was in dire need of skilled labor, personnel capable of implementing a new ideology in the socio-economic sphere. The main barrier to the implementation of the tasks was the low literacy of the population – about 80% were either illiterate or illiterate. As a result, it was revealed that the state educational policy of the People’s Republic of China in relation to national minorities has received its theoretical justification and practical implementation in the conditions of Inner Mongolia. This example was recognized as successful and has already been implemented in other regions of China.

PR of China, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, system of education, national politics.

Keywords

Vanchikova T.P., Rinchinov O.S.

Abstract

The article is devoted to the history of Tibetan medicine in Transbaikalia. The main stages of its development from the 18th century up to the present are considered. These processes were reflected in various historical sources, including notes of early Russian scholars, legal documents, reports of Orthodox missionaries, which show that traditional medicine was very important aspect of public life. In Transbaikalia a system of medical education was built at the monastic manba-datsans, medical literature was published and distributed in large volumes. Buryat emchi-lamas actively adapted medical knowledge to local conditions. Thus, by the beginning of the 20th century, the highest level of development of traditional medicine in Transbaikalia was achieved. The challenges of the new time were associated with the need to interact with the growing public health system, based on the principles of European medicine. During this period, the Buryat emchi-lamas and public figures tried to implement several projects for adapting Tibetan medicine to new conditions, which were suppressed by the repressive anti-religious policy of the Soviet authorities. The article also highlights the current state of Tibetan medicine in Transbaikalia, discusses the problems of its status in the Russian healthcare system.

Tibetan medicine, Transbaikalia, manba datsans, emchi lamas, medical literature, Buruchkom.

Keywords

Vovin A.A.

Abstract

end of World War II, formation of North Korea, elections in the countries of the socialist camp, suffrage.

Keywords

The author focuses on the change in the dynamics of the Russian presence on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the 1990s-2000s and determines the reasons for the outflow of Russians back to Russia. The institutional structure of the Russian world in Uzbekistan, including diaspora structures and parishes of the Russian Orthodox Church of the Moscow Patriarchate are getting revealed, furthermore strategies for preserving historical memory on the territory of the republic and the role of the leadership of the republic are shown supported by Uzbek scientists, representative offices of Rossotrudnichestvo and activists from the local Russian-speaking population. The participation of the diaspora in the international dialogue of cultures and the role of parishes of the Russian Orthodox Church is shown, demonstrating successful practices of interaction with believers of a different confession and the transfer of values of the Russian world. The role of the Russian language and Russia’s participation in its promotion on the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the context of declaring 2023 the Year of the Russian language as the language of interethnic communication in the CIS countries is revealed. The material notes the widespread use by the Russian diaspora and representatives of Rossotrudnichestvo in Uzbekistan of the global network to promote common historical, cultural and civilizational values. The author comes to the conclusion that in modern conditions the Russian language plays an important role in the process of preserving identity in the diaspora and as a means of international communications in the Eurasian space.

Diasporas of the peoples of the region in Russia and in the world

Part III

Moseykina M.N.

Abstract

Russia, CIS, migrations, Russian Orthodox Church, Russian world, historical and cultural values, architectural style of the city, Russian language, identity, historical memory, Eurasian integration.

Keywords

Historical memory and problems of historical politics

Part IV

Kantor J.Z.

Abstract

The events that took place in the Winter Palace on the fateful night when the Bolsheviks took power in Russia are one of the most acute and “complex issues” of modern history. More than a century later, he worries both professional historians and ordinary citizens of different generations. Facts and ideologemes, intr icately woven together, became the basis for the perception of the “storming of the Winter Palace” in the mass consciousness of the Soviet era. They are also the basis for emotional reflection and the post-Soviet generation. The article attempts to reconstruct what happened in the Winter Palace on the night of October 25–26, 1917, based on the latest sources in comparison with Soviet ones and historiographical traditions previous epoch. The purpose of such a “reconstruction” is to analyze and disavow the ideological and artistic myths relating to the revolutionary events in Petrograd and specifically in the Winter Palace, revealing previously unknown plots of the real and fatal story that literally took place on Palace Square in Petrograd.

Winter Palace, film “October”, infirmary, Provisional Government, women’s dress, shots fired, arrest, cruiser “Aurora”, myth.

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The article is based on the material of essays of the XIX century, combining the traditions of epistolary prose, travelogues and early ethnographic descriptions. The fictional descriptions of the travels of A.A. Fuchs, M.V. Avdeev in the Volga region, Bashkiria and Orenburg were intended to acquaint a wide readership with the diversity of nature and population of the Russian Empire, to introduce into the literature a voluminous layer of new images associated with the historical and cultural landscape of Russian territories. The article shows how the nature of contacts with space and its inhabitants depends on the author’s mode of movement, how the chronotopic component of the text is formed, what role is played by the wide context of the trip introduced by the authors, including oral sources, reliance on literary tradition and scientific literature. Fuchs, excluding from travel essays the content of ethnographic and folklore material collected by her in Volga villages, conscientiously notes the broad and whimsical context of her interactions with the local population, thus fixing the hidden, subjective side of science. In M. Avdeev’s travel notes, the documentary nature of the narrative is combined with the fictional construction of the plot and vivid imagery. The variety of the author’s position and the types of transport used by him allowed him to become one of the first developers of the language for describing popular routes to Kumys and mineralnye vody. The article notes that each type of transport forms its own character of communication with informants, generates its own chronotope and serves its own purposes, including literary ones.

The article outlines the main directions of research on language contact in Russia. I mention the most influential projects dealing with sociolinguistic situation, which should be taken into account when studying language contact. Russian influence on other languages of Russia is commonly attested. Sometimes, on the contrary, the local variety of Russian is influenced by another language. In some areas, indigenous languages of Russia closely interact (cf. e. g. four Uralic languages spoken in the Yamalo-Nenets autonomous district). All the above-mentioned cases are considered and illustrated with examples of language phenomena probably having contact-induced origin (borrowed words and morphemes, pattern borrowing in grammatical constructions and in lexical polysemy, etc.). Special directions are the study of code-switching (combination of different languages in someone’s speech), as well as the study of pidgins (simplified languages emerging for the purposes of basic communication, e. g. in commerce). For each area of investigation, the main research groups, publications, online resources are provided. Some challenging directions for future research are suggested.

Languages and literature of the countries of the Eurasian space

Part V

Sultanov K.K.

Gramatchikova N.B.

Kashkin E.V.

Kazakevich O.A., Kibrik A.A.

Abstract

The article deals with the mobile correlation of national literatures in a single Russian civilizational space, suggesting the problems of diversity and unity of diversity. Their modern study requires methodological and discursive updating, focused on the conceptually significant principle of complementarity of “non-diversity” (identity, specificity) and no less important “indivisibility” (Eurasian-communicative approach). Concrete analysis of the metatext Ch . Aitmatov made it possible to reconstruct the complementarity of ethno-cultural axiomatics and claims to universality as an immanent quality of national–literary self-determination – from the early novella “Jamil” to the novel “And a day lasts longer than a century”. The artistic experience of positive identity has revealed an implicit connection with a predisposition to a holistic perception of the world. From the position of each national literature concerned with self-preservation in an increasingly complex world, it is reasonable to defend its individuality, not forgetting that it is precisely this that is the organic prerequisite for multinational sustainable Eurasian dialogism.

mutual understanding, national picture of the world, conjugating thought, Eurasian idea, unity-in-difference, cultural borderland, universality of the special, ethnospecific, typological approach.

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Abstract

travel prose, travelogue, essay, A.A. Fuchs, M.V. Avdeev, Udmurts (Votyaks), Chuvash, Bashkirs, horse-drawn transport.

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Abstract

language contact, Russian language, languages of Russia, borrowings, sociolinguistics, code-switching, pidgins.

Keywords

Abstract

This publication introduces readers to a project of the Concept of Language Policy of the Russian Federation, one of the projects of the Institute of Linguistics RAS, implemented in accordance with a request from the Presidential Council for the Russian language. Apart from the Institute of Linguistics RAS, three other Russian Academy of Sciences institutes participated in the project, as represented by their staff members: Vinogradov Institute for the Russian Language, Institute for Linguistic Studies, and Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology. Linguistic diversity is our national heritage. The authors of the Concept relied on the idea that the main goal of the state’s language policy is preservation of the country’s linguistic diversity as the basis of unity and stability of the state and civil society, while they viewed the Concept itself as a strategic framework document, intended to further influence the legal development in the linguistic domain. This publication presents the text of the document, prepared by highly qualified specialists. Its preparation lasted for a year, between August 2020 and July 2021. This document could potentially be used to the benefit of practical work.

language policy, languages of Russia, linguistic diversity, language shift, inter-generation language transmission, language preservation.

Keywords

References

About the author: Nikolay N. Kradin, Professor, Doctor of Sciences in history, Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnology, Far- Eastern Branch of the RAS, Vladivostok, Russia; bld. 89, Pushkinskaya St., Vladivostok, Russia, 690001; kradin@mail.ru.

Об авторе: Николай Николаевич Крадин, академик РАН, профессор, доктор исторических наук, Институт истории, археологии и этнографии народов Дальнего Востока ДВО РАН, Владивосток, Россия; Пушкинская 89, Владивосток, 690001; kradin@mail.ru.

Kradin N.N. Phenomena of multipolarity in historical retrospective

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-18-29
Страницы: 18–30

About the author: Konstantin P. Kurylev, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Theory and History of International Relations, P. Lumumba RUDN, Moscow, Russia, 117198, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 10/2, kurylev-kp@rudn.ru.

Nadezhda G. Smolik, Senior Lecturer, Department of Theory and History of International Relations, P. Lumumba RUDN, Moscow, Russia, 117198, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 10/2, smolik-ng@rudn.ru.

Daria V. Stanis, Candidate of Economic Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of State and Municipal Administration of the P. Lumumba RUDN, Moscow, Russia, 117198, Miklukho-Maklaya str., 10/2, stanis-dv@rudn.ru.

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Об авторе: Константин Петрович Курылев, доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры теории и истории международных отношений РУДН им. П. Лумумбы. Москва, Россия, 117198, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 10/2, kurylev-kp@rudn.ru.

Надежда Григорьевна Смолик, старший преподаватель кафедры теории и истории международных отношений РУДН им. П. Лумумбы. Москва, Россия, 117198, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 10/2, smolik-ng@rudn.ru.

Дарья Владимировна Станис, кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры государственного и муниципального управления РУДН им. П. Лумумбы. Москва, Россия, 117198, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 10/2, stanis-dv@rudn.ru.

Kurylev K.P., Smolik N.G., Stanis D. V. The ideology of Eurasianism: Russian and Kazakh approaches (history and modernity)

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-30-61
Страницы: 31–63

About the author: Viktor L. Larin, Academician of RAS, Doctor of Sci. (History), professor, Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnology of the Peoples of the Far East, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 89, Pushkinskaya st., Vladivostok, Russia, 690950; larin.vic@gmail.com.

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Об авторе: Виктор Лаврентьевич Ларин, академик РАН, доктор исторических наук, профессор, Институт истории, археологии и этнографии народов Дальнего Востока Дальневосточного отделения РАН, Владивосток, Россия, 690950, ул. Пушкинская, 89; larin.vic@gmail.com.

Larin V. L. Greater Eurasia in the focus of China’s interests and policy in the “new era”

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-62-90
Страницы: 64–92

About the author: Andrei V. Golovnev, Professor, Doctor of Sciences in history, Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Peter the Great Museum of Anthropology and Ethnography (the Kunstkamera) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation; bld. 3, University Emb., Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 199034; Andrei_golovnev@bk.ru.

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Об авторе: Андрей Владимирович Головнёв, член-корреспондент РАН, профессор, доктор исторических наук, Музей антропологии и этнографии им. Петра Великого (Кунсткамера) РАН, Санкт-Петербург, Россия; 199034, Россия, г. Санкт-Петербург, Университетская наб., д. 3; Andrei_golovnev@bk.ru.

Golovnev A.V. Muses and sciences are “moving north”: Peter I and the northerness of Russia

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-91-117
Страницы: 93–119

About the author: Vittenberg E.Ya., Doct. of Sci. (History), professor, Russian state university for the humanities, Moscow, Russia; bld. 6, Miusskaya sq., Moscow, Russia, 125093; intelban@mail.ru.

References

1. Vittenberg, E. Y. (2011), Sotsial’naya otvetstvennost’ biznesa na postsovetskom prostranstve [Social Responsibility of Business in the Post-Soviet Space], publ. RGGU, Moscow, Russia.
2. Vittenberg, E. Y. and Pivovar, E. I. (2022), Sotrudnichestvo biznesa Sodruzhestva nezavisimykh Gosudarstv: itogi i perspektivy [Cooperation Business of CIS: results and perspectives], in 30 let SNG. Transformatsionnye protsessy na postsovetskom prostranstve [30-univesary of CIS. Transformation Processes in the Post-Soviet Space], Moscow, pp. 70–153.
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Об авторе: Виттенберг Евгений Яковлевич, доктор исторических наук, профессор, Российский государственный гуманитарный университет, Москва, Россия; 125093, Россия, г. Москва, Миусская пл. д. 6; intelban@mail.ru.

Vittenberg E. Ya. Interaction of business in the post-soviet space at the present stage: achievements, issues and prospects

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-118-140
Страницы: 120–142

About the author: Efim I. Pivovar, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Doct. of Sci. (History), professor, Russian state university for the humanities, Moscow, Russia; bld. 6, Miusskaya sq., Moscow, Russia, 125093; rggu@rggu.ru.

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Об авторе: Ефим Иосифович Пивовар, академик РАН, доктор исторических наук, профессор, Российский государственный гуманитарный университет, Москва, Россия; 125093, Россия, г. Москва, Миусская пл. д. 6; rggu@rggu.ru.

Pivovar E.I. Eurasia in the context of the global digital civilization of the XXI century: new priorities and potential for integration

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-91-117
Страницы: 143–154

About the author: Aleksandr O. Naumov, Doct. of. Sci. (History), Lomonosov Moscow State University, bld.27, Lomonosovskii prospect, Moscow, Russia, 119192; naumovao@my.msu.ru.

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Об авторе: Александр Олегович Наумов, доктор исторических наук, Московский государственный университет имени М.В. Ломоносова, Москва, Россия; 119192, г. Москва, Ломоносовский проспект, д. 27; naumovao@my.msu.ru

Naumov A.O. Technologies of nonviolent struggle in the «color revolutions» in the Eurasian space

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-153-174
Страницы: 155–176

About the author: Andrey N. Artizov, Doct. of Sci. (History), Federal Archival Agency, Moscow, Russia; bl. 1, Sofiyskaya emb. 34, Moscow, Russia, 1115035; Artizov_AN@gov.ru.

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Об авторе: Андрей Николаевич Артизов, доктор исторических наук, Федеральное архивное агентство, Москва, Россия; 115035, Россия, г. Москва, Софийская наб., 34, стр. 1; Artizov_AN@gov.ru.

Artizov A.N. To the publication of the collection «About the historical unity of Russians and Ukrainians. Documentation»

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-176-193
Страницы: 178–195

About the author: Mikhail Yu. Mukhin, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Institute of Russian History, Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, Russia; GSP-3, 125993, Russia, Moscow, Miusskaya sq., 6; mukhin@mail.ru.

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Об авторе: Михаил Юрьевич Мухин, доктор исторических наук, Институт Российской истории, Российский государственный гуманитарный университет, Москва, Россия; ГСП-3, 125993, Россия, г. Москва, Миусская пл., д. 6; mukhin@mail.ru.

Mukhin M.Yu. Railways of Belarus in the post-soviet period

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-194-210
Страницы: 196–212

About the author: Dmitry E. Martynov, Dr.Sci. (History), professor, Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia; bld. 1/55, Pushkin str., Kazan, Russia, 42008; dmitrymartynov80@mail.ru.

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Об авторе: Дмитрий Евгеньевич Мартынов, доктор исторических наук, профессор, Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет, Казань, Россия; 420008, Россия, г. Казань, Ул. Пушкина, д. 1/55; dmitrymartynov80@mail.ru.

Martynov D. E. “The voice of the Yangtze is heard on the Volga”: the past, present and future of the Department of Oriental Studies in Kazan

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-211-232
Страницы: 213–234

About the author: Konstantin I. Zubkov, Cand. of Sci. (History), Associate Professor, Institute of History and Archaeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia; bld. 16, Sophia Kovalevskaya Street, Yekaterinburg, Russia, 620990; zubkov.konstantin@gmail.com.

Igor V. Poberezhnikov, RAS Corresponding Member, Dr. of Sci. (History), Director, Institute of History and Archaeology of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia; bld. 16, Sophia Kovalevskaya Street, Yekaterinburg, Russia, 620990; pober1871@mail.ru.

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Об авторе: Константин Иванович Зубков, кандидат исторических наук, доцент, Институт истории и археологии Уральского отделения РАН, Екатеринбург, Россия; 620990, Россия, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Софьи Ковалевской, 16; zubkov.konstantin@gmail.com.

Игорь Васильевич Побережников, член-корреспондент РАН, доктор исторических наук, директор, Институт истории и археологии Уральского отделения РАН, Екатеринбург, Россия; 620990, Россия, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Софьи Ковалевской, 16; pober1871@mail.ru.

Zubkov K. I., Poberezhnikov I.V. Eastern Frontier of the Russian Colonization in the Context of Modernization Dynamics

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-233-261
Страницы: 235–263

About the author: Lyudmila N. Mazur, Doct. of Sci. (History), Associate Professor, Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russia; 620000, Russia, Yekaterinburg, Lenin Ave., 61; ln.mazur@urfu.ru.

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Об авторе: Людмила Николаевна Мазур, доктор исторических наук, доцент Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б. Н. Ельцина, Екатеринбург, Россия; 620000, Россия, г. Екатеринбург, пр. Ленина, 61; ln.mazur@urfu.ru.

Mazur L.N., Features of the development of the territory of the Middle Urals in the XV–XX centuries: the settlement aspect

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-262-279
Страницы: 264–281

About the author: Tatyana V. Kotyukova, Cand. of Sci. (History), associate professor, Institute of General History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; IGH RAS, 119334, Moscow, Leninsky Prospekt, 32а, kotyukovat@mail.ru.; Institute of Scientific Information for Social Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; ISISS RAS, 117218, Moscow, Nakhimovsky Prospekt, 51/21, kotyukovat@mail.ru.

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Об авторе: Татьяна Викторовна Котюкова, кандидат исторических наук, доцент, Институт всеобщей истории Российской академии наук, Москва, Россия; 119334, Россия, г. Москва, Ленинский пр-т., 32а; kotyukovat@mail.ru.; Институт научной информации по общественным наукам Российской академии наук, Москва, Россия; 117218, Россия, г. Москва, Нахимовский проспект, д. 51/21; kotyukovat@mail.ru.

Kotyukova T.V, Kokand autonomy: a prologue to the civil or national liberation war in Turkestan?

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-280-300
Страницы: 282–302

About the author: Alexandr D. Gombozhapov, Cand. of Sci. (History), Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia; bld. 6, St. Sakh’yanovoi, Ulan-Ude, Russia, 670047; agombozh@yandex.ru.

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Об авторе: Александр Дмитриевич Гомбожапов, кандидат исторических наук, Институт монголоведения, буддологии и тибетологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, Улан-Удэ, Россия; 670047, г. Улан-Удэ, ул. Сахьяновой, 6; agombozh@yandex.ru.

Gombozhapov A.D., Political Reconstruction of the Mongol World during the Formation of the Qing Empire

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-301-315
Страницы: 303–317

About the author: Damdin D. Badaraev, Sc. D. (Sociology), Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia; bld.6, St. Sakh’yanovoi, Ulan-Ude, Russia, 670047; damdin80@mail.ru.

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Об авторе: Дамдин Доржиевич Бадараев, доктор социологических наук, Институт монголоведения, буддологии и тибетологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, Улан-Удэ, Россия; 670047, г. Улан-Удэ, ул. Сахьяновой, 6; damdin80@mail.ru.

Badaraev D.D., Transformation of the Social Structure on the Russian-Mongolian Transborder in Historical Dynamics

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-316-333
Страницы: 318–335

About the author: Boris V. Bazarov, Doctor of Sciences (History), Professor, Academician, Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russia; bld.6, St. Sakh’yanovoi, Ulan-Ude, Russia, 670047; bazarov60@mail.ru;

Leonid V. Kuras, Doctor of Sciences (History), Professor, Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russia; bld.6, St. Sakh’yanovoi, Ulan-Ude, Russia, 670047; kuraslv@yandex.ru.

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Об авторе: Борис Ванданович Базаров, доктор исторических наук, профессор, академик РАН, Институт монголоведения, буддологии и тибетологии СО РАН, Улан-Удэ, Россия; 670047, г. Улан-Удэ, ул. Сахьяновой, 6; bazarov60@mail.ru;

Леонид Владимирович Курас, доктор исторических наук, профессор, Институт монголоведения, буддологии и тибетологии СО РАН, Улан-Удэ, Россия; 670047, г. Улан-Удэ, ул. Сахьяновой, 6; kuraslv@yandex.ru.

Bazarov B.V., Kuras L.V., Mongolia between the Xinhai revolution (1911) and the Mongolian revolution (1921)

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-334-355
Страницы: 336–357

About the author: Innokentii G. Aktamov, Cand. of Sci. (Pedagogy), Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia; bld.6, St. Sakh’yanovoi, Ulan-Ude, Russia, 670047; aktamov13@gmail.com.

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Об авторе: Актамов Иннокентий Галималаевич, кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, Институт монголоведения, буддологии и тибетологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, Улан-Удэ, Россия; 670047, г. Улан-Удэ, ул. Сахьяновой, 6; aktamov13@gmail.com.

Aktamov I.G., The education system of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of the People’s Republic of China at the initial stage of state formation

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-356-366
Страницы: 358–368

About the author: Tsymzhit P. Vanchikova, Doct. of Sci. (History), professor, Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia; bld.6, St. Sakh’yanovoi, Ulan-Ude, Russia, 670047; vanchikova2@yandex.ru;

Oleg S. Rinchinov, Cand. of Sci. (Physics and Mathematics), Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulan-Ude, Russia; bld.6, St. Sakh’yanovoi, Ulan-Ude, Russia, 670047; orinch2@mail.ru.

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Об авторе: Цымжит Пурбуевна Ванчикова, доктор исторических наук, профессор, Институт монголоведения, буддологии и тибетологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, Улан-Удэ, Россия; 670047, г. Улан-Удэ, ул. Сахьяновой, 6; vanchikova2@yandex.ru;

Олег Сергеевич Ринчинов, кандидат физико-математических наук, Институт монголоведения, буддологии и тибетологии Сибирского отделения Российской академии наук, Улан-Удэ, Россия; 670047, г. Улан-Удэ, ул. Сахьяновой, 6; orinch2@mail.ru.

Vanchikova T.P., Rinchinov O.S., The main periods of the history of Tibetan medicine in Transbaikalia

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-367-379
Страницы: 369–381

About the author: Alexei A. Vovin, Cand. of Sci. (History), Saint-Petersburg Institute of History of Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia; bld. 7, Petrozavodskaya st., Saint-Petersburg, Russia, 197110; avovin@gmail.com.

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Об авторе: Алексей Александрович Вовин, кандидат исторических наук, Санкт-Петербургский Институт Истории РАН, Санкт-Петербург, Россия; 197110, Россия, Санкт-Петербург, Петрозаводская ул., д. 7; avovin@gmail.com.

Vovin A.A., To problem of socio-cultural interaction between USSR and Korea in 1945–1948: elections to People’s Committees of North Korea in autumn of 1946 and their role in formation of North Korean State

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-380-386
Страницы: 382–388

About the author: Marina N. Moseykina, Doct. of Sci. (History), professor, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba (RUDN University); 10/2, Miklukho-Maklaya str., Moscow, Russia, 117198; moseykina-mn@rudn.ru; professor, Ural Federal University; 19, Mira str., Ekaterinburg, Russia, 620002; moseykina-mn@rudn.ru.

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Об авторе: Марина Н. Мосейкина, доктор исторических наук, профессор, Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы, Москва, Россия; 117198, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, д. 10/2; moseykina-mn@rudn.ru; профессор, Уральский федеральный университет имени первого Президента России Б.Н. Ельцина, Екатеринбург, Россия; 620002, Россия, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Мира, 19; moseykina-mn@rudn.ru.

Moseykina M.N.,The Russian diaspora of Uzbekistan in the context of intercultural dialogue between the two countries

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-388-401
Страницы: 390–403

About the author: Julia Z. Kantor, Doctor of Historical Sciences, St. Petersburg Institute of History, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia; bld. 7, Petrozavodskaya str., St. Petersburg, Russia, 197110; juliakantor@yandex.ru.

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Об авторе: Юлия Зораховна Кантор, доктор исторических наук, Санкт-Петербургский институт истории РАН, Санкт-Петербург, Россия; 197110, Санкт-Петербург, Петрозаводская ул., д. 7; juliakantor@yandex.ru.

Kantor J.Z.,The Winter Palace on October 25, 1917. in historical memory and museum space: the construction of the myth and factual paradigms at the turn of the millennium

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-403-412
Страницы: 405–414

About the author: Kazbek K. Sultanov, Doctor of Philology, Professor, Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 121069 Povarskaya str., 25 a; sulkaz@inbox.ru.

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Об авторе: Казбек Камилович Султанов, доктор филологических наук, профессор, Институт мировой литературы им. А.М. Горького Российской академии наук, Москва, Россия, 121069 ул. Поварская, д. 25 а; sulkaz@inbox.ru.

Sultanov K.K.,National literatures in the multiethnic Eurasian space: the Russian experience of “unity-in-difference”

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-414-437
Страницы: 416–439

About the author: Natalia B. Gramatchikova, Cand. of Sci. (Literature), Institute of History and Archeology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia; 620990, Ekaterinburg, Russia, Sofia Kovalevskaya Street, 16. n.gramatchikova@gmail.com.

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Об авторе: Наталья Борисовна Граматчикова, кандидат филологических наук, Институт истории и археологии УрО РАН, Екатеринбург, Россия; 620990, Россия, г. Екатеринбург, ул. Софьи Ковалевской, д. 16; n.gramatchikova@gmail.com.

Gramatchikova N.B., Representation of Russian Spaces and Their Ethnic Diversity in Travelogues of the XIX Century (Ural-Volga Region)

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-438-454
Страницы: 440–456

About the author: Egor V. Kashkin, Cand. of Sci. (Philology), Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia; bld. 18/2, Volkhonka str., Moscow, Russia, 119019; egorka1988@gmail.com.

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Об авторе: Егор Владимирович Кашкин, кандидат филологических наук, Институт русского языка им. В. В. Виноградова РАН, Москва, Россия; 119019, Россия, г. Москва, ул. Волхонка, д. 18/2; egorka1988@gmail.com.

Kashkin E.V., Language contact in Russia: main directions of research

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-455-474
Страницы: 457–476

About the author: Olga A. Kazakevich, Cand. of Sci. (Philology), Institute of Linguistics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia, Moscow 125009, B. Kislovsky per., 1; kazakevich.olga@iling-ran.ru.

Andrej A. Kibrik, Doct. of Sci. (Philology), Institute of Linguistics RAS and Lomonosov Moscow State University; Russia, Moscow 125009, B. Kislovsky per., 1; aakibrik@iling-ran.ru.

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Об авторе: Ольга Анатольевна Казакевич, кандидат филологических наук, Институт языкознания РАН, Москва, Россия; 125 009, Россия, Москва, Б. Кисловский пер. 1; kazakevich.olga@iling-ran.ru.

Андрей А. Кибрик, доктор филологических наук, Институт языкознания РАН; Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, Москва, Россия; 125 009, Россия, Москва, Б. Кисловский пер. 1; aakibrik@iling-ran.ru.

Kazakevich O.A., Kibrik A.A., Concept of language policy of the Russian Federation: A document shaping the future

DOI: 10.22455/2949-5865-2023-1-475-479
Страницы: 477–481

This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

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